한국   대만   중국   일본 
?????? ??????? - ????????? ????? ??? ???????

?????? ???????

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??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? 4 ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???????. ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ???? . ????????? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.The Inn ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ???? ??? ???? "????????"? ????? ?? ?????? (?? " ??????? ")? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????. ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? (??? ??????? ??? 1312) ?????? ????? ????? ?????? (????? ??????). ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? 1388 ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? (?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ) ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????????? (??? Gray's Inn ).

???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ? ??? ?? ???? 1700 ???? ??? 1600 ? 1640. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? [1] ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? 4 ???? ???????? . ??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????. ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????. ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? . ??? ????? ?????? ??? 1959? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? 8000 ???.

??? [ ????? ]

The Inner Temple ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? 4 ? [2] ?? Gray's Inn ? [3] Lincoln's Inn ? [4] ??????? ???????? . [5] ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????. [6]

The Inner Temple ??? ????? ??????? [2] ?? ??????? [6] ????? ?????? ??????? . ???? ????? ?? 8000 ??? ?????? 450 ??????? ???????? ?? ???. [6] ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? 4 ? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? (??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ) ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????.

????? [ ????? ]

????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? [ ????? ]

???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? (1154-1189)? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? Essex House . [7] ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? Chancery Lane (?? ????? ???? ????)? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????. ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????. ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? 1312? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? . ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????. [8] ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ???????. [9]

????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? "????? ???????" (???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????) ?"????? ??????" (???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? "????? ???????" ??????? ??????? ). . ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? 1388? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? . [8] ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? 10 ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? Thavie's Inn ??????? ????. [10]

?????? ??????? [ ????? ]

???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? 1381? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????

???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? - ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? 1422. ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? 1381? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????. [11] ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ? ??? ?????????:

????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ????. ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???. [12]

??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. [8] ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????. [13]

??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? 1539/40. ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? 1608. ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ? ?"?????? ????????? ??? ??????" ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? 10 ?????? ????????? ?? ???. [14]

????? ??????????? [ ????? ]

????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? 100 ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? (??? Gray's Inn )? ?? ??????? ?? 155 ???? ???? ??? 1574 [8] ?? ???? ??? 1561? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? "???? ??? ???????" ??????? ? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????. ?? ? ???? ?? ??? Chancery ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????. [15]

?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ??? 1576? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? "?????? ??????? ??? ??????". [15] ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? Accedens of Armory ? ? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????. [16]

????? ????????? [ ????? ]

?????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????????

????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ? ??? ?? ???? 1700 ???? ?? ????? ??? 1600 ? 1640 [8] ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? [1] ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ? ????? "???? ?? ?????? ????". [8] ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????. [17] ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????. [18] ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? [8]

??? ??????? ?????????? ? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? 15 ????? 1661. ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ? 4 ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ? 4 ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????. . [19] ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????. ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????. [20]

????? ??? ?? ??????? ? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????. ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? " ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????"? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ????????. ????? ????????? ????????. [21]

????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? 1668? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? . [22] ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? 7 ????? 1669 ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????. [23]

??????? (1683) ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????

?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? 1666? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? 1677 ? 1678 [24] ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. [25]

????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? [ ????? ]

?????? ??????? (1800) ???? ?????? ???????
??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? (? 1725) ???? ?? ?????
??? ?????? ??????? ?. ???? ??? 1883 ????? ???? ??? (????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????).

????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? "?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????"? ?? ????? ????? ?????. [26] ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. [27] ??? 1922? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????. [26] ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? 19 ? 26 ?????? 1940? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? 10-11 ???? 1941? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????. [28]

?????? ??????? ??? ???? 4 ????? 1737 ???????? ?????? (1714 - 1782)? ?????? ??????.

???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? 1944? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? 1.5 ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????. ?? ????? 1.4 ????? ???? ????????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???. [28] ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? Benchers ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? TW Sutcliffe? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? . ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? King's Bench Walk ??? 1949? [29] ?????? ?????? ?????? (???????) ?? 21 ????? 1958 [30]

????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? 1895 ?????? ??????? (1857 - 1910).
??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? (1828-1876)
???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? 1899 ?????? ?????? (1842 - 1931).

?????? ??????? ??? 2001? ????? ???? 1?2 Serjeant's Inn ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????. ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? 99 ??? ????? Apex Hotels. [31] ??? 3 Serjeant's Inn ?? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? [32] 1986. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? Inner Temple ?Serjeant's Inn ?Fleet Street? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???????.

?????? ? ????? [ ????? ]

???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????. [33] ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? 2023 ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??. [34] ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? [8] ?????? ??? 2023 ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??. [35]

?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ? 3 ????. ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ( Clerici ) ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ( Socii ) ?? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????????. ??? 1508? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? 3 ??????? ? 4 ?? ???? ????????. [36] ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? 1566? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????. [37] ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????. [38] ??? ????? ????? ?? 350 ?? ????? ?????? ?????? (???????? ? ????? ?????? ????????) ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????. [38]

???? ??????? [ ????? ]

????? ?????? ???????

???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? " ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? " ?? ??????? . [39] ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? 1561. [40] ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? 1967. [39]

???? [ ????? ]

????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????

?????? ??????? (?? ?????? ???????? ???????) ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ? [41] ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? [42] (??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? [43] ) ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????. ???? . ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? 1971 . ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???????.

??? [ ????? ]

?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ? [44] ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? . [45] ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? 1534? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? 1552. ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? "?????" ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????. [45] ??? ??????? ??? 3 ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? 1597. ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??? 1606? ???? ??? ??? ??? 1610 ???? ????? ???? ??? 1619. ???? ??? ???? ?? "???? ??????" ??? 1643? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. [46]

?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? 1699? ????? ??????? ?? 1 ????? 1703 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? (??? "??????") ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? 1707? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? . [46] ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? 1750? ? ????? ???? ??? 1788? ?"??????" ?? ???? ??? ??? [44]

?????? [ ????? ]

?? ???? ?????

????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????. [47]

??????? [ ????? ]

????? ?????

????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????????. ????????? ??? Crown Office Row? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? King's Bench Walk? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. [48] [49]

?? ????? Crown Office Row ??? ??? ???? Crown Office? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? 1621. ????? ?????? ???????? (???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? "???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????") ??? 1628? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? [50] ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? . [49] ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? 2 Crown Office Row? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????. [51]

????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? 1703 ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? . ??? ??? 3 ????? ???? 50 ??? ???? 27 ??? ????????? 3 ?????. ????? ??????? ??? 1832 ? 1833? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? - ??? ??? ????? ???? "?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ". [52] ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? 1941? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? . [49]

?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? 1567. ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? 1678. ?? 31 ???? 1679? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? 4 ????? ????? ??????? 3 ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? (????? ?????) ??????????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? . [53] ????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????. [54] King's Bench Walk ??? ????? ?? ??? 1543 ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? 1666 ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? 1677 [55] ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? King's Bench ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? 1677. ???? ???? ??????? ?? 1678 ? 1684? ? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????. [55] ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? 1678? ????? ????? ???? ????? ? ??? 1948. [49]

????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? 1562. [56] ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? . [57] ????? Mitre Court ?? ?????? ??? 1830? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? . [49] ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? 67 ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ???????. [58]

??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? 1610. [59] ???? ????? "??????" ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? "??????? ???????". ??? ???? ??? 1838 3 ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. [49] ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ( ?????? ) ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????. [60]

????? ?????? [ ????? ]

??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????

????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? 1601? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? 1618 ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? 1730 ???? ??? ??????. ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 1707 ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? 1730? ?????? ????? ?? Blackmoor ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ?? Clifford's Inn ??? ?? ????? Clifford's. ????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????. [61] ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. [62] ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????.  [ ????? ????? ] ??? 1870? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. [63]

????? ?????? ???????

?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? Inner Temple Lane ?? ???? Fleet Street ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??? 1610 ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? [64] ? ???? ?????? ???? ??? 1748. ????? ?????? ??????? ???? (???? ?? ????? ?????) ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? . [65]

???? [ ????? ]

?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? . ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? 1606 ? 1629? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? 1816. ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????. [66] ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? 1868. [67]

??? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?? 14 ???? 1870 ??? ??? ??????? ???? . ??? ?????? ??????? 94 ??? ?????? 41 ??? ????????? 40 ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? 1506 ???? ???? ??? ??????. [68] ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? "???? ?????? ?????"?????? ??? 1574 [69]

???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? 2012

?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? [48] ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??? 1955 ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????. [70]

????? [ ????? ]

??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 1506 ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ?????? . ? ??? 1607? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???. ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?"???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???????". [71]

??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? 1654? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? "???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ". [72] ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? 1668. ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? 1679 ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??????. [72] 

??? 1707? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? 150 ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? 1709 ?????? ?? 3 ???. ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??.
[73]
 ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? 1867 ? 1872 ? 1882? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?8 ??? 
[74]
 ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? 1882? ???? 26000 ???? ????? ? 36 ??? ?? ?????? ???????.
[75]
 ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? 45000 ????. ????? ????? ????? ??? 1958? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? 70 ??? ????.
[48]

????? ?????? [ ????? ]

??? ?? ????? ??????

????? ????? ????? ????? "???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????". [76] ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1185 ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? 10 ??????. [77] ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? . [77] [78]

??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????. [79] ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??. [80] ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? [81]

?? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? 8 feet (2.4 m) * ??? ??????. ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1707? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? [82] ?? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? 1811? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? 1837? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? 1845?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????. [83]

????? ?????? [ ????? ]

??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????

?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ? [84] ???? ????? ???? ???? ? [85] ??????? ?????? ?????? . [86] ?????? SMA Belgore ? GCON ? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ? ? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? . [85]

??? ???? ????? ????? ? ????? ??? ???? ? [85] ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? 1922 ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ? [85] ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ? [87] ???? ????? ????? ??????? SWRD ????????????  ; ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? .

???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ?????????? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ? ? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ? ?????? ???? ????????. ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? . [88]

??? ???? [ ????? ]

  • ????? ????? ????

????? [ ????? ]

  1. ↑ ? ? Fletcher (1901) p. xliv
  2. ↑ ? ? "Archive Catalogue" . Inner Temple . Retrieved 24 November 2009 . ?????? ???: ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "ac" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.
  3. ↑ "Gray's Inn" . ????? ??? . Archived from the original on 18 June 2009 . Retrieved 24 November 2009 .
  4. ↑ "Lincoln's Inn History" . Lincoln's Inn . Archived from the original on 25 October 2009 . Retrieved 24 November 2009 .
  5. ↑ "Home" . Middle Temple . Retrieved 24 November 2009 .
  6. ↑ ? ? ? "Inner Temple" . Inner Temple . Retrieved 24 November 2009 . ?????? ???: ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "it55" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.
  7. ↑ Pearce (1848) p.213
  8. ↑ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Baker, John. "Inner Temple History ? Introduction ? Part I" . Inner Temple . Retrieved 8 November 2009 . ?????? ???: ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "hist1" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.
  9. ↑ Watt (1928) p.133
  10. ↑ Pearce (1848) p.214
  11. ↑ Bellot, p. 118
  12. ↑ Pearce (1848) p.217
  13. ↑ Pearce (1848) p.218
  14. ↑ Pearce (1848) p.219
  15. ↑ ? ? Axton (1970) p.365
  16. ↑ Axton (1970) p.368
  17. ↑ Holdsworth (1921) p. 207
  18. ↑ Holdsworth (1921) p. 208
  19. ↑ Pearce (1848) p.234
  20. ↑ Pearce (1848) p.235
  21. ↑ Pearce (1848) p.232
  22. ↑ Pearce (1848) p.236
  23. ↑ Pearce (1848) p.237
  24. ↑ Bellot (1902), pp. 59, 100, 298-299, 302, 324
  25. ↑ Bellot (1902), p. 304
  26. ↑ ? ? Baker, John. "Inner Temple History ? Introduction ? Part 2" . Inner Temple . Retrieved 24 November 2009 .
  27. ↑ British Medical Journal (1994) p.74
  28. ↑ ? ? Rider, Clare. "Phoenix from the Ashes: The Post-War Reconstruction of the Inner Temple" . Inner Temple . Retrieved 24 November 2009 .
  29. ↑ Rider, Clare. "Phoenix from the Ashes: The Post-War Reconstruction of the Inner Temple ? 2" . Retrieved 24 November 2009 .
  30. ↑ Rider, Clare. "Phoenix from the Ashes: The Post-War Reconstruction of the Inner Temple ? 3" . Retrieved 24 November 2009 .
  31. ↑ Ian Springford Architects Archived 17 ?????? 2015 at the Wayback Machine 1?2 Serjeant's Inn
  32. ↑ 3 Serjeant's Inn Archived 19 ?????? 2010 at the Wayback Machine History
  33. ↑ Baker, John. "Constitution of the Inn" . Inner Temple . Retrieved 24 November 2009 .
  34. ↑ "Treasurers of The Inner Temple | Inner Temple" . www.innertemple.org.uk (in ?????????? ??????????) . Retrieved 2023-07-17 .
  35. ↑ Bailey, Petra (2022-07-21). "Richard Salter QC elected as Reader-Elect of Inner Temple" . 3VB . Retrieved 2023-07-17 .
  36. ↑ Simpson (1970) p.254
  37. ↑ Simpson (1970) p.255
  38. ↑ ? ? "The Inner Temple Today" . Inner Temple . Retrieved 24 November 2009 .
  39. ↑ ? ? Baker, John. "Inner Temple History ? Pegasus" . Inner Temple . Retrieved 8 November 2009 .
  40. ↑ Pearce (1848) p.220
  41. ↑ Association for Geographic Information Archived 18 ????? 2011 at the Wayback Machine What place is that then?
  42. ↑ City of London (Approved Premises for Marriage) Act 1996 "By ancient custom the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple and the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple exercise powers within the areas of the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple respectively ("the Temples") concerning ( inter alia ) the regulation and governance of the Temples"
  43. ↑ Middle Temple Archived 30 ?????? 2012 at the Wayback Machine as a local authority
  44. ↑ ? ? Jones (1939) p.401
  45. ↑ ? ? Bellot (1902) p.116
  46. ↑ ? ? Bellot (1902) p.117
  47. ↑ Dugdale (1804) p.191
  48. ↑ ? ? ? "The Buildings" . Inner Temple . Retrieved 4 November 2009 . ?????? ???: ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "build" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.
  49. ↑ ? ? ? ? ? ? "The Buildings" . Inner Temple . Retrieved 4 November 2009 . ?????? ???: ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "build2" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.
  50. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.71
  51. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.72
  52. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.88
  53. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.100
  54. ↑ Pearce (1848) p.253
  55. ↑ ? ? Bellot (1902) p.59
  56. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.53
  57. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.54
  58. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.57
  59. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.69
  60. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.70
  61. ↑ Pearce (1848) p.254
  62. ↑ Baker, John. "Inner Temple History ? The Gardens" . Inner Temple . Retrieved 22 November 2009 .
  63. ↑ "May Open Day at Inner Temple Gardens" . Sheffield Botanical Gardens Trust . 2023.
  64. ↑ Pearce (1848) p. 251
  65. ↑ Baker, John. "Inner Temple History ? The Buildings ? The Gateway" . Inner Temple. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008 . Retrieved 22 November 2009 .
  66. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.40
  67. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.41
  68. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.45
  69. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.46
  70. ↑ "Inner Temple History ? The Buildings ? Hall, Treasury, Benchers' Rooms and Library" . Inner Temple . Retrieved 4 November 2009 .
  71. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.48
  72. ↑ ? ? "Library History" . Inner Temple. Archived from the original on 2 January 2009 . Retrieved 4 November 2009 .
  73. ↑ "Library History ? 18th century" . Inner Temple. Archived from the original on 19 December 2000 . Retrieved 4 November 2009 .
  74. ↑ "Library History ? 19th century" . Inner Temple. Archived from the original on 2 January 2009 . Retrieved 4 November 2009 .
  75. ↑ Bellot (1902) p.49
  76. ↑ Ringrose (1909) p.15
  77. ↑ ? ? "Temple Church History" . Temple Church. Archived from the original on 2 February 2010 . Retrieved 12 November 2009 .
  78. ↑ "Temple Church History ? The Round Church" . Temple Church. Archived from the original on 1 March 2010 . Retrieved 12 November 2009 .
  79. ↑ "Temple Church History ? The Fall of the Templars" . Temple Church. Archived from the original on 10 February 2010 . Retrieved 12 November 2009 .
  80. ↑ "Temple Church History ? The Royal Charter" . Temple Church. Archived from the original on 17 April 2009 . Retrieved 12 November 2009 .
  81. ↑ Bellot (1902), p. 231
  82. ↑ Ringrose (1909) p.16
  83. ↑ Ringrose (1909) p.17
  84. ↑ Boyer (2003) p.34
  85. ↑ ? ? ? ? "Famous Members" . Inner Temple . Retrieved 24 November 2009 . ?????? ???: ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "fm" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.
  86. ↑ Hyde (1965) p. 63
  87. ↑ Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1905?1977): Biography RRTC, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India) ;
  88. ↑ Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi#English barrister

?????? ?????? [ ????? ]

????:Inns of Court ????:City of London ????:Local authorities in London

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