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????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? - ????????? ????? ??? ???????

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يتيمه
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?????? ?? ????? , ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????.

???????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????????.

thump
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??? ????? ??? 8 ????? ???? ( ?? 2019)? ?? ????? ?? 0.95% ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? 4% ?? ???? ??????. ????? 6 ????? ?? ??? 8 ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? .

??? ????? ??? 3 ???? ?? ??????? ????: ?????? ????????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 1978 . ? ??? - ???? ??????? - ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????.

?????? [ ????? ]

????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????
1978 ???? ???? ???????
(25 ?????? 1918 ? 6 ?????? 1981) 		مصر ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? . ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??? ? ??????? . [1] ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
1994 ???? ?????
(24 ????? 1929 ? 11 ?????? 2004) 		Palestinian territories ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? 1994 ????????? ?? ????? ????? ? ???? ????? "??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????”. [8] [9] ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????. [10] [11] [12] [13]
2005 ???? ????????
(??? ?? 17 ????? 1942) 		مصر ????? ???? ?? ?????? 2005 ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????. [14] [15] ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????. [16] [17] [18] [19]
2011 ???? ?????
(???? ?? 7 ?????? 1979) 		اليمن ????? ??????

?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? .

???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? 2011 ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? . [20] ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????. [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]
2015 ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? تونس - 4 ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????.
2018 ????? ????
(?? ?????? ??? 1993) 		??????? ??   ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? . [26] ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. [27] ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????.

????? [ ????? ]

????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????
1988 ???? ?????

(11 ?????? 1911 ? 30 ????? 2006)

مصر ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 1988 ??????? ??? ????? ????? . [28] [29] ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? . [30] [31]

???????? [ ????? ]

????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????
1999 ???? ????

(26 ?????? 1946 - 2 ????? 2016)

مصر ???? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? 1999 ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? . [32] ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????. [33] [34] [35] [36]

?? ??? ???? [ ????? ]

???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? [ ????? ]

????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????
1960 ???? ????

( 28 ?????? 1915 ? 2 ?????? 1987)

المملكه المتحده ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? . ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? 1960 ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? acquired immunological tolerance. [37] ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ? ? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????. [38]

???????? [ ????? ]

????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????
1990 ????? ???? ????

(?????? 12 ????? 1928)

الولايات المتحدة ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? . ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? 1990 ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????. [39] [40] ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ? ? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????. [41] [42]

????? [ ????? ]

  1. ↑ [1] “The Nobel Peace Prize 1978”, ????? ???? ?retrieved March 24, 2012. Archived 2017-11-28 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ↑ [2] 'Answer.com' article on ???? ???? ??????? ? retrieved March 24, 2012. "Archive copy" . Archived from the original on 2014-12-20 . Retrieved 2020-11-15 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link )
  3. ↑ [3] 'Nobel Lecture, December 10, 1978' by ???? ???? ??????? ? ????? ???? ?retrieved April 5, 2012. Archived 2017-12-08 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ↑ [4] “The ????? Of ??? ” by Adel Guindy ,retrieved April 7, 2012.
    ‘ Sadat’s famous slogan, “I am a Muslim president of a Muslim state ” ’ [???? ??????] Archived 2012-01-19 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ↑ [5] “ ???? ???? ??????? ? The First ????? ????? Ruler In ??? ???? ????? ”, Coptic Nationalism ,posted March 30, 2012, retrieved April 7, 2012.
    “ The Pope must understand that I am a Muslim President of a Muslim State ”
    Source:‘The exact words of Sadat in Arabic are: “?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????.” These words Mohamed Hassanein Heikal translates in his book, Autumn of Fury, as, “The Pope must understand that I am the Muslim President of a Muslim country.” [Mohamed Heikal, Autumn of Fury, the Assassination of Sadat (London; Corgi Book; 1984); p. 228] This is not an accurate translation. The words should be translated as in the text of my article with an emphasis on the words “a Muslim State”, that is Egypt.’ Archived 2017-10-08 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ↑ [6] ‘ ???? ???? ??????? ’, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?retrieved April 7, 2012.‘Muslim’ Archived 2017-03-09 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ [7] Peacemaker ??? ???? ???? ??????? by Youssef, 'The My Hero Project', accessed March 21, 2012.
    “ Sadat was a devout Muslim from his early days, benefiting from an Islamic education ” {{ cite web }} : Empty citation ( help )
  8. ↑ [8] ‘Yasser Arafat-Biography’, ????? ???? ?retrieved April 5, 20122. Archived 2013-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ↑ [9] “The Nobel Peace Prize 1994”, ????? ???? ?retrieved March 24, 2012. Archived 2017-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ↑ [10] “Yasser Arafat-Nobel Lecture”, ????? ???? ?retrieved April 5, 2012. Archived 2017-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ [11] ‘The Muslim Arafat’,retrieved April 5, 2012. Archived 2016-05-09 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ↑ [12] ‘Yasser Arafat’, ?? ?? ?? ?? ? retrieved April 7, 2012.‘Muslim’ Archived 2017-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ↑ [13] 'Jewish virtual library', accessed March 24, 2012.
    “a Sunni Muslim”. Archived 2016-12-03 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ↑ [14] “The Nobel Peace Prize 2005”, ????? ???? ?retrieved March 24, 2012. Archived 2017-10-03 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ↑ [15] “Mohamed El-Baradei-Biography”, ????? ???? ?retrieved April 5, 2012. Archived 2013-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ↑ [16] Archived 2012-11-04 at the Wayback Machine “Outgoing IAEA chief leaves complex legacy”,Jahn, George (30 November 2009), ??????? ??? ? accessed 5 February 2011 on msnbc.com .

    ElBaradei, who describes himself as having a Muslim background, sometimes cites his favorite Christian prayer when speaking of his role on the world stage.

  17. ↑ [17] “ ?? ?? ?? ?? article on ???? ???????? ”, retrieved March 24, 2012.‘Muslim’. Archived 2017-03-11 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ↑ [18] “Muslim Contribution to World Peace” by Minhaj Qidwai, accessed March 21, 2012.
    “ Recipient of Nobel Peace Prize Mohamed ElBaradei an Egyptian Muslim can be a role Model for all those who want to contribute towards peace and prosperity in the modern world. ” Archived 2017-07-15 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ↑ [19] ‘Nobel Lecture by Mohamed El-Baradei, Oslo, December 10, 2005.’, ????? ???? ? retrieved April 5, 2012.
    “ I am an Egyptian Muslim ” Archived 2017-11-01 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ↑ [20] “The Nobel Peace Prize 2011”, ????? ???? ?retrieved March 24, 2012. Archived 2017-12-27 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ↑ [21] ??????????? ?????? ! article on ???? ????? , “ ?????i Activist Tawakkul Karman, First Female ??? Nobel Peace Laureate: A Nod for Arab Spring”, dated October 7, 2011, retrieved March 21, 2012. Archived 2018-01-17 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ↑ [22] “Tawakul Karman, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, Talks the Talk and Walks the Walk” by ‘Sahar Taman’, ???????? ???? ? published October 8, 2011, retrieved April 7, 2012.
    “ a Yemeni Muslim woman ” Archived 2016-12-26 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ↑ [23] “In the name of God the Compassionate the Merciful”,Nobel Lecture by Tawakkul Karman,Oslo, 10. December 2011, ????? ???? ?retrieved April 5, 2012. Archived 2017-10-21 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ↑ [24] “Tawakel Karman (The ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? 2011) & ???? (?????) ” by 'Sarah Ahmed', dated December 12, 2011, retrieved March 21, 2012.
    “ She is a co-recipient of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first Yemeni, the first Arab woman, and the second Muslim woman to win a Nobel Prize and the youngest Nobel Peace Laureate to date. ” [???? ??????] Archived 2020-04-30 at the Wayback Machine
  25. ↑ [25] “Tawakkul Karman is the first arab woman and the youngest ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? in ???? (?????) ”, 'Haute Hijab', December 20, 2011, accessed March 21, 2012.
    “ Tawakkul Karman, a Muslim, was the first Arab woman and youngest person awarded the Nobel Peace Laureate ” Archived 2017-10-08 at the Wayback Machine [???? ??????]
  26. ↑ {{ cite news }} : Empty citation ( help )
  27. ↑ {{ cite web }} : Empty citation ( help )
  28. ↑ [26] “The Nobel Prize in Literature 1988”, ????? ???? ? retrieved March 24, 2012. Archived 2018-01-19 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ↑ [27] ‘Nobel Lecture by Naguib Mahfouz’, ????? ???? ?retrieved April 5, 2012. Archived 2017-07-15 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ↑ [28] “ ???? ????? ????????ic ????? : An Intellectual Journey from the Wafd to ????? ?????? ”, Yagi, Kumiko, Ph.D. Harvard University, 2001. 235 pages. Adviser: Graham, William A. Publication Number: AAT 3028463, accessed March 24, 2012. [???? ??????] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ↑ [29] “Naguib Mahfouz ? The Son of Two Civilizations” by 'Anders Hallengren',article on ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ? retrieved March 24, 2012.
    “a pious moslem believer” Archived 2017-07-19 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ↑ [30] “The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999”, ????? ???? ? retrieved March 24, 2012. Archived 2017-11-16 at the Wayback Machine
  33. ↑ [31] ???? “ ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ” by Bernie , ‘Planck's constant’, accessed March 24, 2012. Archived 2017-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
  34. ↑ [32] ???? ???? 's ???? ?????????? ??????? site. Archived 2017-08-04 at the Wayback Machine
  35. ↑ [33] ??? in the ???? ?????? : an interview with ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ? The Fountain Magazine ,Issue 67, January?February 2009, retrieved March 21, 2012.
    “ I'm very proud of the value system that I was given by my family and the way I grew up as a Muslim in Egypt. ” Archived 2017-08-06 at the Wayback Machine
  36. ↑ [34] “The West and Islam need not be in conflict” by ‘Ahmed Zewail’, ?? ???????? ?October 24, 2006,retrieved April 11, 2012.
    “ The author is the only Arab Muslim to receive the Nobel Prize in science, 1999 ” Archived 2010-11-02 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ↑ . doi : 10.1098/rsbm.1990.0013 . {{ cite journal }} : Cite has empty unknown parameter: |??????= ( help ) ; Cite journal requires |journal= ( help ) ; Missing or empty |title= ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |??????1= ignored ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |?????1= ignored ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |??????= ignored ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |???= ignored ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |?????= ignored ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |?????= ignored ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |???? ????= ignored ( help )
  38. ↑ New Scientist - Google ????? Archived 2017-12-27 at the Wayback Machine
  39. ↑ E. J. Corey, X-M. Cheng, The Logic of Chemical Synthesis , Wiley, New York, 1995, ISBN 0-471-11594-0 .
  40. ↑ "The Logic of Chemical Synthesis: Multistep Synthesis of Complex Carbogenic Molecules (Nobel Lecture)" E.J. Corey, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991 , 30 , 455. ( doi : 10.1002/anie.199104553 )
  41. ↑ ????? ???? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? 3 ????? 2011 Archived 2017-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
  42. ↑ http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1990/corey.htmlElias James Corey Archived 2013-04-21 at the Wayback Machine
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