????? ??? ????

????? ??? ????
??????? ?????
???????	26 ?????? 1893 ; ?????????
????? ????????	30 ????? 1934
??????	???????? ???????
	????? ????? - ?????

????? ??? ????? ( ??????????? : Wallace Fard Muhammad )? (??? ??? 1893 ?; ??? ?????? ??????) ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? (NOI). ^[1]^[2]^[3] ??? ?? ??????? ??? 1929 ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? 1930? ?????? ?????? ??? 1.

????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? 1934? ?? ??? ???. ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? 1960? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? 1960. .

????? [ ??? ]

^ Smothers? David (21 ????? 1974). "The Facts Belie the Aura of Menace" . Chicago Tribune . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-07-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-03-12 .
^ Evanzz, Karl (1999). The Messenger: the Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad . Pantheon Books. ?. 400 .
^ "FBI report CG 100-3386" , FBI Records: The Vault ; retrieved October 14, 2015. ???? ?????? 11 ?????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] Smothers? David (21 ????? 1974). "The Facts Belie the Aura of Menace" . Chicago Tribune . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-07-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-03-12 .

[2] Evanzz, Karl (1999). The Messenger: the Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad . Pantheon Books. ?. 400 .

[3] "FBI report CG 100-3386" , FBI Records: The Vault ; retrieved October 14, 2015. ???? ?????? 11 ?????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[1]

[2]

[3]