??? ?????

??? ????? ; Mitt Romney
( ??????????? : Mitt Romney )?
???? ????? ????????? ??70
	?? ?????? ; 2 ????? 2003 ? 4 ????? 2007
	??? ?????? ; ???? ????? ????? ??????
??????? ?????
??? ???????	( ??????????? : Willard Mitt Romney )?
???????	12 ???? 1947 (????? 77 ???) ; ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????
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??????? ????	????? ?????? ???? ; ???? ??????? ??????? ; ????? ???????? (1965?1966) ; ???? ??????? ?????? (??????: ????? ) (???????: ??????? ?? ??????? ) (?1975) ; ????? ???????? ???????? ; ????? ???????
????? ??????	????????? ?? ?????? ? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ?? ???????
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??????	mittromney.com
IMDB	????? ??? IMDB
	????? ????? - ?????

?????? ??? ????? ( ??????????? : Willard Mitt Romney )?? (12 ???? 1947 -) ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? . ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??70 ?? ??? 2003 ?? ??? 2007 ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? 2012 . ??? ???? ????? ????? (?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? )???? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? 1994 ?? ?????????? . ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? 2002 ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? 2003 . ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? 1,5 ????? ?????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????. ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? 2008 ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? . ??? 2 ????? ??? 2011 ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? 2012 ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? 48-50% ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ????? ?? 12 ???? 1947 ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 1948 ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? . ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? . ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????.

?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? 2008 [ ??? ]

???? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? 2008 ???? ???? ??? ????? .

?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? 2012 [ ??? ]

???? ??? ????? ?? 2 ????? 2011 ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????. ^[6] ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? 3 ????? 2012 ???? 24.6% ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? . ^[7] ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? 10 ????? 2011 ????? 38% ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? (23%) ???? ???????? (17%). ^[8] ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????? 2012 ?? 16 ????? 2012 ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????. ^[9] ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? 23 ????? 2012 ????? 27% ?? ??????? ????? 40% ????? ???????? ?16% ???? ???????? ?12% ???? ??? ?1% ??????? ???? ???? ?? 1% ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ^[10] ???? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? 31 ????? 2012 ??? ??? ??? 46% ?? ??????? ????? 32% ????? ???????? ?13% ???? ???????? ?7% ???? ???. ^[11] ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? 56 ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????????. ^[12] ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? 2 ?????? 2012 ?? ???? ???? ?????. ^[13] ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? 4 ?????? 2012 ??? ??? ??? 42.3% ?? ??????? ????? 26.0% ????? ???????? ?18.7% ???? ??? ?12.9% ???? ????????. ^[14]

?????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? $190 ????? ?$250 ????? ????? ????? 2011 ??? ???? ?? ??????. ^[15] ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????: ?????? (1993 - 2002) ??????? ???????? (1995 - 1999) ??????? (1986 - 2001). ^[16]

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ????? ?? 1969 ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? (??? ?? 1970) ?????? (??? ?? 1971) ?????? (??? ?? 1975) ???????? (??? ?? 1978) ????? (??? ?? 1981). ????? ???? ?????.

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? 2007
??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? 2002
????? ??? ???? 50 ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ? 2002. ^[17]
??????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? 1999

????? [ ??? ]

^ http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/02/us/politics/next-to-native-status-claimed-by-ryan-in-the-drive-for-ohio.html . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ Reid Hoffman (5 May 2003), LinkedIn (???????????), QID : Q213660
^ https://de.euronews.com/2023/09/14/ende-einer-langen-karriere-us-republikaner-romney-kundigt-rucktritt-aus-der-politik-an . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/16/us/arizona-sheriffs-office-unfairly-targeted-latinos-justice-department-says.html?pagewanted=all . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ https://www.jfklibrary.org/events-and-awards/profile-in-courage-award/award-recipients/mitt-romney-2021 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ????? 2 ????? 2011 ???? ?????? 04 ?????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????? 4 ????? 2012 ???? ?????? 15 ????? 2014 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ ??? ????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? 11 ????? 2012 ???? ?????? 06 ???? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? 17 ????? 2012 ???? ?????? 15 ????? 2014 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? 22 ????? 2012 ???? ?????? 03 ?????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ ????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? 1 ?????? 2012 ???? ?????? 04 ?????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ ???? ????? ???? 24 ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2011 ?????? ????? 11 ????? 2012 ???? ?????? 22 ?????? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? 2 ?????? 2012 ???? ?????? 22 ?????? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 5 ?????? 2012 ???? ?????? 06 ?????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? 2 ?????? 2012 ???? ?????? 19 ????? 2013 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? 2 ?????? 2012. ???? ?????? 21 ?????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? 3 ????? 2012 ???? ?????? 22 ???? 2015 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? (??????????)
??? ????? ??? ???? IMDb (??????????)
??? ????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
??? ????? ??? ???? Rotten Tomatoes (??????????)
??? ????? ??? ???? Munzinger IBA (?????????)
??? ????? ??? ???? MusicBrainz (??????????)
??? ????? ??? ???? NNDB people (??????????)
??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? (??????????)
?????? ??????

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[wikidata-9ea102cea5c04d7fdbeb6bb2c3407bf5415e9cd6-1] ttp://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/02/us/politics/next-to-native-status-claimed-by-ryan-in-the-drive-for-ohio.html . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-4ebdbff318c0eeb358e8618ff833e485bc4de4b6-2] Reid Hoffman (5 May 2003), LinkedIn (???????????), QID : Q213660

[wikidata-c136b56222e71a9aa23d09828434f34911353cb2-3] ttps://de.euronews.com/2023/09/14/ende-einer-langen-karriere-us-republikaner-romney-kundigt-rucktritt-aus-der-politik-an . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-5ffcb9f231ff6d1c6225e356dc2df08dc68440cb-4] ttp://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/16/us/arizona-sheriffs-office-unfairly-targeted-latinos-justice-department-says.html?pagewanted=all . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-75bfdc297ef11270ffe0c7085c48c874350f203e-5] ttps://www.jfklibrary.org/events-and-awards/profile-in-courage-award/award-recipients/mitt-romney-2021 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[6] ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ????? 2 ????? 2011 ???? ?????? 04 ?????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[7] ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????? 4 ????? 2012 ???? ?????? 15 ????? 2014 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[8] ??? ????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? 11 ????? 2012 ???? ?????? 06 ???? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[9] ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? 17 ????? 2012 ???? ?????? 15 ????? 2014 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[10] ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? 22 ????? 2012 ???? ?????? 03 ?????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[11] ????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? 1 ?????? 2012 ???? ?????? 04 ?????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[12] ???? ????? ???? 24 ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2011 ?????? ????? 11 ????? 2012 ???? ?????? 22 ?????? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[13] ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? 2 ?????? 2012 ???? ?????? 22 ?????? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[14] ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 5 ?????? 2012 ???? ?????? 06 ?????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[15] ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? 2 ?????? 2012 ???? ?????? 19 ????? 2013 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[16] ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? 2 ?????? 2012. ???? ?????? 21 ?????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[17] ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? 3 ????? 2012 ???? ?????? 22 ???? 2015 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

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? ? ? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????
Class 1	Frank J. Cannon ????? ????? ???? ???????? King ^[??????????] Orrice Abram Murdock Jr. ???? ?????? ??????? Frank Moss (politician) ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????
Class 3	???? ????? (????? ??????) Joseph Lafayette Rawlins Reed Smoot ?????? ??. ????? ????? ??. ????? Jake Garn ??? ????? (?????) ???? ?? (?????)

? ? ? ???? ????? ??????????
??????? ???? ??????????	??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? Haynes Vane ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????
???????? ??????? ???????	????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????
???? ?????????	W. Phips Stoughton (???? ????) Bellomont Stoughton (???? ????) ???? ???? ????????? (???? ????) ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? (???? ????) ????? ????? Tailer (???? ????) Shute Dummer (???? ????) Burnet Dummer (???? ????) Tailer (???? ????) Belcher ?????? ????? S. Phips (???? ????) ?????? ????? S. Phips (???? ????) ???? ???? ????????? (???? ????) Pownall ????? ???????? (???? ????) Bernard ????? ???????? ????? ????
??????????	??? ?????? ????? ?????? (???? ????) Bowdoin ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? (???? ????) ???? ???? ????????? (???? ????) ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? (???? ????) ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (???? ????) ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? Armstrong (???? ????) ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? Briggs Boutwell ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? Andrew ??????? ????? Claflin ?????? ??. ??????? ????? ?????? (???? ????) ?????? ?????? ??????? ???. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?. ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???. ?. ?????? ?????? ????? Greenhalge ???? ????? Crane Bates ?????? ???? ?????? Guild ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? Walsh McCall ?????? ?????? ??????? ???. ???? ????? ??. ????? ????? ??. ???? ????? ??. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??. ????? Saltonstall ????? ??. ????? ????? ??. ???????? ???? ?. ???? ???????? ????? Furcolo ??? ?????? ????? Peabody ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? Dukakis ?????? ??. ???? Dukakis ??? ???? ??? ??????? Swift (???? ????) ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????