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  ?????? ????? ???? ?????? (?????) .

???????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??????. [1] [2] ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? (???? ????? ?????? ?????????)? ???????? (???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????)? ???????? (??????? ????????) ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? (???? ????? ????? ??????? ≪???≫ ????? ????????). ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? (??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????) ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? μουσικ? ( ?????? ? (??) ????? ???????). [3]

??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? (???????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???)? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????: ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ≪?????? ??????≫ ?≪???? ?????? ?????≫ ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ≪?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????≫. [4]

????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ≪?? ???? ??????≫? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??? 1825? [5] ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????. [6] ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????. [7]

???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? (??? ???? ??????? ???????? )? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? (??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????)? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? . ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? (??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????)? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ≪?? ??? 3≫? ?? ???? ≪?? ??≫ ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????????.

???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? (??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????)? ????????? ?????????? (??? ???? ??????? ?????) ????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? (??? ????? ??????? ?????????)? ????? ???????? (??? ?? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????)? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? (????? ???????? ??????? ????????)? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????.

??? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????. ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????. ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????. [8]

??? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????. ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? (?? ?? ?? ??)? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? (?? ?? ??)? ?????? ?????? ?????????? (?? ?? ??)? ?????? ?????? ?????? (?? ?? ??) ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? (??? ?? ??). [9]

??? ???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ????. ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????.

???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????. ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????. ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????.

???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? (??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????). ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????.

??? ???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ≪??? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????≫? ???????? ??? ≪?????? ???????? ????? ???????≫. ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????????. ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ≪???? ????? ???????≫ ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???. [10]

????????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ????. ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????.

????? ????? ???????? [ ??? ]

  1. ????? ??????? (Pitch) - ???? ????? ???????? ?????????.
  2. ??????? (??? ??? ??????? ).
  3. ????? (Timbre) - ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????.
  4. ????? ( Articulation ).
  5. ??????? ?? ??????????? ( Dynamics ).
  6. ??????? ( Texture ).

????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ????? ??? 1836? ?? ???

???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ????? ?????????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????: ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????. [11] ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????.

?????? ????????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????: ???????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ≪???????≫. ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???.

???? ???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???????? ???????: ?????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ???????

???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????. ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????. ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? . ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? (????? ????? ??????? ????????) ????? ????? (??????? ???????) ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? (??? ?? ??? ?? ?????) ??????? ??????? (????? ???????). ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????. ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ???. ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????.

???????? ??????? / ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????. ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????:

  1. ???????? ???????: ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????... ???.
  2. ???????? ??? ???????: ?????? ?? ?????? - ?????? - ??????? - ??????... ???.

?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????... ???

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ≪????? ??????≫ ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????: ????? - ????? - ??????? - ?????? - ???? - ??????... ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ≪?????≫ ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???. [12]

?????? ≪?????≫ [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ≪?????≫ ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ≪?????≫ ????? ?? ???. ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????.

?????? ≪??????≫ [ ??? ]

????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????.

?????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ≪?? ????≫ ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ????????: ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????.

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????.

?????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????????.

?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????: ????? ?????? ?? ??????... ???.

???? ???????? ?? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? 500 ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? . ???? ??? 1750 ??? ??? 1800 ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? 1860 ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????. [13]

???????? ?????????? [ ??? ]

??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????. ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????????.

?????????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? (Syn) ??????? ≪????≫ ?????? ?????? (Phone) ??????? ≪???≫ ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????.

????????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????????. ????? ≪?????????≫ ??????? ????? (????????) ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ≪???????≫ ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????. ??? ????? ≪?????????≫ ?? ????? ?????: ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????.

?????????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????. ????? ????????: ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????.

?????? ?????? (Blues) [ ??? ]

?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????-??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? . ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? (Country music).

?????? ????? (Rock) [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? (Blues)? ????? (Country) ??????? (Folk). ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? (???? ??????)? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? (???????) ?? ????? ????????.

?????? ????? (Jazz) [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????-??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ? (Ragtime) ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????-??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? 1865 ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ≪??? ????????≫. ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ≪ ??? ≫ ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ≪?????≫ ????:

  • "????? ?????": ??? "????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???.
  • ≪????? ??????≫: ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????.
  • ≪??????????≫: ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ≪?????≫ ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ≪?????≫ ?????????.

??????? ??????? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ≪?????≫? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? (Steppenwolf) ?? ??? 1968 ????????? ???? ?????? (Heavy metal thunder) ?? ???? ????????.

????? (Rap) [ ??? ]

????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????. ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????.

???????? (Sonata) [ ??? ]

???????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ≪?????≫ ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????.

?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ????? -A ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????.

?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????. [14]

??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

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???????? ????????? [ ??? ]

???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????: ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ??? ? ?? ? ?? ? ??. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? (?? ????? ???????) ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ?? ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????.

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? (???? ????? ????????? ?? ????????)? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????.

  • ????? ?????: ?????? ????? ?????? - ????????.
  • ????? ????: ??????? ???????.
  • ????? ????: ??????? ????????.

??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ≪?????≫.

????? ????? ????????? [ ??? ]

  1. ??? ????? ??????.
  2. ??? ??????????.
  3. ??? ?????? ????????: ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????: ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????.
  4. ??? ?????? ??????: ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? 2-10 ???? ???? ??????. ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????????. ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????: ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????????.

????? ?????? ????????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????

???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????.

  1. ?????? ??????? ?? ????????
  2. ???? ??? ?????.
  3. ???? ??? ??????.
  4. ?????? ???????.
  5. ?????? ??????? ??? ????????.
  6. ?????? ??????? ????????.
  7. ?????? ??????? ????????.
  8. ?????? ?????????.
  9. ?????? ???????????.

????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????.

?????? ????????? [ ??? ]

  • ???? (Horn): ??? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????.
  • ?????? (Cello): ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ≪????????≫ ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????.
  • ???? (Harp): ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ≪??????≫ ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ≪???????≫. ????? ≪??????≫ ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????????.

???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ≪????≫ ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? 168-170 ??.

  • ???????? (Accordion): ?? ?????? ??????? (????????)? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????.
  • ????: ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????.
  • ????????? (Xylophone): ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????.
  • ????????? (Harmonica): ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????. ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????.
  • ????? (Piano): ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????.
  • ????? (???????): ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????.
  • ???????? (Mandolin): ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????.
  • ??? : ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????. ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????.
  • ???? (Violin): ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? (??????)? ??? ????? ????? ??????: ??????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???. ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????.
  • ????? / ?????? (Guitar): ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????.
  • ??????? : ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????.
  • ????? (Lute): ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????. ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? (12) ???????. ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????.
  • ???? / ????? : ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???: ?????????? ???????? ?????????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????.
  • ???????? : ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????.
  • ????? - ????? ( ????? ): ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????.
  • ?? : ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????.
  • ?????? ?? ????? : ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????.
  • ??????? (Saxphone): ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ≪????? ????≫. ???? ?????????? (22) ????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
  • ??????? - ??????? (Trumpet): ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????.
  • ????? (Drums): ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????. ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????. ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ≪??????≫ ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????

????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????.

????? ???????? ??? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ????. ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ≪ ?????????? ≫ ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ≪ ??? ???? ≫ ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ≪??? ????≫ ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ????: ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????.

??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????.

??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???. ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????. ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ Company? Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing. "The American Heritage Dictionary entry: Music" . ahdictionary.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-10-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-01-20 .
  2. ^ "music | Art Form, Styles, Rhythm, & History" . Encyclopedia Britannica (???????????). Archived from the original on 2022-02-08 . Retrieved 2021-09-15 .
  3. ^ "Mousike, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek?English Lexicon , at Perseus" . perseus.tufts.edu. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-02-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-10-27 .
  4. ^ Kozinn? Allen (13 ????? 1992). "John Cage, 79, a Minimalist Enchanted With Sound, Dies" . ??????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-03-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-09-11 .
  5. ^ Watson 2009, 109?10. [ ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ]
  6. ^ Reiland Rabaka. Hip Hop's Amnesia: From Blues and the Black Women's Club Movement to Rap and the Hip Hop Movement . Lexington Books, 2012. p. 103
  7. ^ Manabe, Noriko. The Revolution Will Not Be Televised: Protest Music After Fukushima . Oxford University Press, 2015. p. 163.
  8. ^ Kirszner, Laurie G. (January 2012). Patterns for College Writing . Bedford/St. Martin's. p. 520. ( ???? 978-0-312-67684-1 )
  9. ^ ACARA. (2015). Music glossary. v7.5. Retrieved 28 May 2015, 2015, from "Archived copy" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-01-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-01-09 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: ??????? ?????? ( link )
  10. ^ Education.gov.uk. (2011). Music ? Schools. Retrieved 12 July 2013, from http://www.education.gov.uk/schools/teachingandlearning/curriculum/primary/b00199150/music ???? ?????? 2013-12-22 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  11. ^ ???????? - ???? ????? ???? ?????? 02 ?????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  12. ^ "???? ???????? ???????" . bia4music. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-08-17 .
  13. ^ ???????? ?? ?????? [ ???? ?????? ] ???? ?????? 7 ????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  14. ^ ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? 4 ???? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . [ ???? ?????? ]
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