????? ????? ?????????

????? ????? ?????????
( ??????????? : Organization of American States )? ; ( ?????????? : Organizacion de los Estados Americanos )? ; ( ??????????? : Organizacao dos Estados Americanos )? ; ( ????????? : Organisation des Etats americains )?
????? ????? ????????? ?	????? ????? ????????? ?
????????	( ?????????? : OEA )?? ?( ??????????? : OAS )?? ?( ????????? : OEA )?? ?( ??????????? : OEA )?
?????	???????? ???????
????? ???????	???? ????? ???? ?????? ? ????????? ???????
????? ???????	1948
??????	???? ???????
?????? ??????	?????? ??????
	????? ????? - ?????

????? ????? ????????? ( ?????????? : Organizacion de los Estados Americanos? ??????????? : Organizacao dos Estados Americanos? ?????????: Organisation des Etats americains)? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? 30 ????? 1948? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????. ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? 35 ????? ???????? ?? ??????????? . ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? 26 ???? 2015. ^[1]

??????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? 1826 (???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????) ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????. ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? (???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????)? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ≪?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????≫. ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????. ^[2]

????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? 1889-1890? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????. ?????? 18 ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? (?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? 1901-1902). ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? 14 ????? 1890 ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????.

?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? (????? ????? 1910)? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? 1910 ?? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? . ^[3]^[4]

????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????. ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ≪???? ????? ???????????≫? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????. ???? 21 ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????. ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? (?????? ???) ??????? ??? 1947 ?? ??? ?? ??????.

???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? 1948 ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? 21 ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? 30 ????? 1948 (??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? 1951). ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????.

??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???:

1959: ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? .
1959: ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????.
1960: ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????????.
1961: ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????.
1962: ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????.
1969: ????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? (???? ??? ??????? ??? 1978).
1970: ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????.
1979: ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????.
1991: ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???.
1994: ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????????? (?????)? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? 2005.
2001: ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????.
2009: ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? 1962.
2009: ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????.
2011: ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????.
2017: ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????.

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ????? ?????? 1 ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ≪????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????.≫ ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????:

????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????
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????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????.
????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????????.
?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????.
??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????.

??????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????:

????????? (1948)
??????? (1948)
???????? (1948)
????? (1948)
????????? (1948)
??????? ??????????? (1948)
????????? (1948)
?????????? (1948)
????????? (1948)
????? (1948)
??????? (1948)
???????? (1948)
???? (1948), suspendiert
??????? (1948)
????????? (1948)
???? (1948)
???????? (1948)
???? (1948)
?????????? (1948)
??????? (1948)
???????? ??????? (1948)
???????? (1967)
???????? ??????? (1967)
??????? (1969)
??????? (1975)
??????? (1977)
???????? (1979)
???? ????? (1979)
??????? ???????? (1981)
???? ?????? ??????????? (1981)
??? ??????? (1982)
???? ???? ?????? (1984)
???? (1990)
???? (1991)
????? (1991)

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ Wyss? Jim. "As a Uruguayan is poised to head the OAS, questions swirl about Venezuela" . Miami Herald . Miami Herald. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-11-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-03-18 .
^ "Panama: A Country Study" . Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. 1987. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-10.
^ Special to the New York Times. "League of Nations in Americas urged by 3 Latin states" , The New York Times . April 13, 1936. p. 1. ???? ?????? 2020-02-15 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "Americas adopt neutrality pact" , The New York Times . December 20, 1936. ???? ?????? 2020-02-15 ?? Wayback Machine

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ????? ?????????

????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????:

[Miami_Herald-1] Wyss? Jim. "As a Uruguayan is poised to head the OAS, questions swirl about Venezuela" . Miami Herald . Miami Herald. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-11-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-03-18 .

[2] "Panama: A Country Study" . Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. 1987. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-10.

[3] Special to the New York Times. "League of Nations in Americas urged by 3 Latin states" , The New York Times . April 13, 1936. p. 1. ???? ?????? 2020-02-15 ?? Wayback Machine

[4] "Americas adopt neutrality pact" , The New York Times . December 20, 1936. ???? ?????? 2020-02-15 ?? Wayback Machine

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