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منظمة الأغذية والزراعة
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????? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P17) في ويكي بيانات
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????? ??????? 16 ?????? 1945 ? ??? 78 ???  ( 1945-10-16 )
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???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P37) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ???????? ?? ???? (1 ????? 2019?) [1]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P169) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ?? ????
??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????
?????? ?????? fao .org
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

????? ??????? ???????? ( ??????????? : Food and Agriculture Organization )? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ( ??????????? : FAO )?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????. [2] [3] [4] ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? . [5]

???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????. ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????.

???? ??????? ????????? ?? fiat panis ????? ????? ??? ??????? ≪?????? ?????!≫

????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? 16 ?????? ??? 1945 ?? ????? ???? ? ???? . ?? ??? 1951 ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ? ??????? . ??? ?????? ?? ????? 2013? ???? ??? ????? ??????? 194 ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? (≪????? ???≫)? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ≪????? ???????≫.

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

100 ???? ??????? (???????? ?????? ??????? ????????)
?????: ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ?????? ???? Repubblica Italiana (??????? ???????). ?????: ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??? ?? ?????? ?????? Nutrire il Mondo (????? ??????) ?? ??????.
???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???.

???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ????? 1905? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? . [6]

?? ?? 1943 ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????. ??? ????? 44 ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? 18 ???? ??? 3 ?????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? 16 ?????? 1945 ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????. [7] ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? 16 ?????? ??? 1 ?????? 1945.

?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? 27 ?????? 1948 ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????. [8]

??? ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ? ???????? . [9] ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????.

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????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?????? 1945

?? 1951? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ( ?????? ) ??? ( ???? ). ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ??????? 49 ????? ?? 49 ???? ?????? (?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????) ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????.

????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???: ??????? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? ? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? . [10]

???????? ?? ??? 1994? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????. ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? 50 ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? 35 ????? ???? ?? ?????.

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???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????.

???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? (2016/2017) 2.6 ????? ????? ??????. ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? (??? ?? ??? ????? ???????) ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? 1.6 ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? (2016/2017). [11]

????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? 71%? ?????? 11? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? 5? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? 2? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? 6% ?? ????? ???????? ???? 5% ?? ???????? ????? ????????.

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9 ????? ???????? ???????   ???????? ????? / ????? ?????? 2012 ? ?????/???? 2019 (??????)
8 ??? ????   ??????? ????? / ????? ?????? 1994 ? ??????/????? ????? 2011
7 ?????? ????   ????? ????? / ????? ?????? 1976 ? ??????/????? ????? 1993
6 ???? ?????? ?????   ?????? ????? / ????? ?????? 1968 ? ??????/????? ????? 1975
5 ????? ?????? ???   ????? ?????? / ????? ?????? 1956 ? ??????/????? ????? 1967
4 ??? ?????? ??????   ??????? ??????? ?????/????? 1956 ? ??????/????? ?????? 1956
3 ????? ??????   ???????? ??????? ????? / ????? ?????? 1954 ? ?????/????? 1956
2 ????? ????   ???????? ??????? ????? / ????? 1948 ? ??????/????? ????? 1953
1 ??? ???? ???   ??????? ??????? ?????? / ????? ????? 1945 ? ????? /????? 1948

???? ?????? ????? [ ??? ]

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  ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? 1948
  ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? 1948-1958
  ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? 1958-1959
  ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? 1959-1963
  ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? 1963?1971
  ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? 1971-1978
  ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? 1978-1981
  ??????? ??????? ?????? ?.???? 1981-1985
  ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? 1986-1987
  ???????? ??????? ????? ????? 1992-1997
  ??????? ??????? ?????? ?. ??? 1992-1995
  ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? 1998-2007
  ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? 2008-2010
  ????? ?? ????????? (????????) 2009-2011
  ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? (???????) 2011-2012
  ????? ????? ?????? (????????) 2011-2012
  ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? (???????) 2012-2020
  ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? 2013 ??? ????
  ????? ????? ????? 2017- ??? ????
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???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? 1937 ?? ?? ??????? ?? 18 ?? ????? ??? 2005.

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  1. ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????: ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.
  2. ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????: ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? (???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????)? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????.
  3. ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????: ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? - ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????.
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  5. ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????: ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????.

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????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????????. ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????.

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????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? . ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??? 1945? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? 70 ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????.

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????? ?????????: ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ? ????????? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????. ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????????.

?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????: ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????.

????? ??????? ???????: ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????.

??? ??????? ??? ???????: ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ???????. ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????.

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?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 1961 ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ( Codex Alimentarius) ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????. ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????.

????? ????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 1996? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? 112 ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? 2015. [13] ??? ????? ????? ????? 1200 ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? 80 ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? . ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? - ?????? ??????? ???????? - ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ≪ ???? ?? ?????? ≫ ???????. [14]

??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 1997? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? (TeleFood)? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? 28 ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? 15 ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? . ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????????. [15]

????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????. ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? .

????? ??????? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 1999 ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? . ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????. ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????.

??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????.

?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? - ???????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ? ???????? ???? ?? ? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? [16] ?????? ? [17] ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????.

????? ???? ?? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 2004? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????. [18]

????????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? 2017? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? 25 ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? 60 ????. ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? . ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? 10.2 ????? ????? ??????? ? 7.5 ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ? [19] ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????.

??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? 2005? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? 125 ????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????. ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????. [20] ?????? ??????? ????? 200 ????? ???? ????? ?? 25 ????? ???? 15.4 ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? . [3]

????? ????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? 2015 (???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???) ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? . ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? 100 ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????. ?????? ?????? 102 ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????? 30 ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????. ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????.

???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? 2011? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? 2010 ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ??? 30 ?????? 2010? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? . [21]

??? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????????. ?? ???? 2011? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 14-25 ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????.

????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???. ????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????. ≪??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????≫. [22] ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????. (??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? endhunger.org).

??? ??????? ?????? ??????? "????? ???? "1billionhungry" ?????? "??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????"? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? Network ( ???? ) ??? 1976. [23] ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???. [19]

??????? ????? ≪??????? ????≫ ?≪?????? ??? ?????≫? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????. ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? . [24]

?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????: ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????. ???? ??? 1945 ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ??? 2020? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????-19? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????. ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????.

??????? [ ??? ]

????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? IPPC ?? ??? 1952. ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ???? 2012? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? 177 ?????.

??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? (AAHM) [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????. [25]

???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????. ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????.

??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? 2002 ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? 2015 (??? ?????? ?? ≪????? ????≫ ??? 1996)? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????. ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? - ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? (?????)? [26] ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? (WFP)? [27] ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? (IFAD)? [28] ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? Bioversity International. [29]

??????? ????????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? 1990 ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????. [30]

????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????. ????? ???????? ? ??????? ? ???????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????????.

?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 1994? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????. [31]

??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????. ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????.

?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? (1990-2012)

?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????. [32] ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? . [33] ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????.

????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????.

????????? ?? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????. [34]

????? ?????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ??????? ??????? (GIAHS) ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? 2002 ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? .

???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????. ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. [35]

??????? ???????? ????????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ≪??????? ????????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????≫. ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????. [36]

????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? [37] ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????.

???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????.

??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????. [38]

???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? 5 ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? 2015? [39] ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????. [40]

????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? 2012. [41]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ? ??????????.

???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????:

  • ? ?????: ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????.
  • ???????: ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????.

????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????.

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? FAOSTAT? [42] ????? ???? ???? ?????? 245 ???? ?35 ????? ??????? ??? ??? 1961 ??? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? AQUASTAT. [43]

???? ????????? ?? ????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? 2011. ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? Ending hunger ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? 2010 ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? 3 ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? 30 ?????? 2010. [44]

????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????????. ??? ?????? 2011? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? 14 ?25 ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????.

?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? Ending hunger ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????.

?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???. ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? : ≪?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????≫. [45] ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? (?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????(Ending hunger.org) ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????.

?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ≪??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? !≫? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? 1976? ???? . [46]

??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????. (?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????.) ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ≪??? ?????≫ ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? - ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????. [47]

?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????. [48]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? 197 ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???:

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   ??? ????? ?? ?????
   ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????
  1. ^ ????? ???
  2. ^ ? ? ??? ?????

?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? .

?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????.


???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ https://www.fao.org/director-general/biography/en/ . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  2. ^ "Jose Ugaz: "Nadine Heredia debio postergar cargo en la FAO" " . La Republica . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-04-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-05-10 .
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  8. ^ "Text of the 1946 convention for the dissolution of the International Agricultural Institute" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-04-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-10-15 .
  9. ^ Corinne A. Pernet and Amalia Ribi Forclaz (2018). "Revisiting the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): International Histories of Agriculture, Nutrition,and Development". International History Review .
  10. ^ "Home > About FAO > Who we are" . fao.org . 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-11-30 .
  11. ^ "Strategic planning | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations" . www.fao.org (???????????). Archived from the original on 2018-10-02 . Retrieved 2018-09-19 .
  12. ^ "What we do | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations" . www.fao.org (???????????). Archived from the original on 2018-10-02 . Retrieved 2018-09-19 .
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  14. ^ " Profit for few or food for all , Final Statement of the NGO Forum" . 1996. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-10-16.
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  19. ^ ? ? "Haiti's seed multiplication programme yields fruits" . Jeune Afrique . 21 ????? 2009. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-08-27.
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