????? ???????

???????
Regno d'Italia
????? ???????
????? ??????? ???	????? ??????? ????
	?????? ?????? : " Foedere et Religione Tenemur ‏ " ; "We are held together by Pact and Religion"
	?????? : " Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza " ; "Royal March of Ordinance"¹
	???? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??? 1941.
?????	????? ; (1861?1864) ; ??????? ; (1864?1871) ; ???? ; (1871?1946)
???? ?????	????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ; (1928?1943)
????? ???????	?????????
?????	?????????
???????	???????????
?????
?????? ???????? ??????	1861?1878
?????? ?????	1878?1900
?????? ??????? ??????	1900?1946
??????? ??????	1946
?????	1861
?????? ???????? ; (???? ??????? ??? ??? 1925)	1922?1943
??????? ?? ???????	1945?1946
???????
?????? ?????????	???????? ????????
?????????? ????????
	???? ?????
???????
???????	17 ???? 1861
?????? ??????	10 ?????? 1859
????? ?????	17 ???? 1861
????????? ??? ????	20 ?????? 1870
???? 1918	4 ?????? 1918
????? ??? ????	28 ?????? 1922
???????? ?????????	25 ????? 1945
????????? ???????? ???????? (1946)	June 2 1946
???????
??????
??????	22182000 (1861) ; 35845000 (1911) ; 42399000 (1936)
??????	???? ???????
??????	??????
	????? ???????
	????? ????????? ???????
	????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????
	?????? ????????
	????? ?????????
????????? ?????????
????????? ????????? ??????????
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????? ?????? ?????
??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????
?????????? ???????
????????? ???????? ???????
????? ???????
????? ??????? ????????
????????
??????? ???????
	????? ????? - ?????

???? ????? ??????? ( ?????????? : Regno d'Italia )? ???? ????? ??? ??? 1861 ? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ? ??? ??? 1946. ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???????.

????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? 1866 ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????????. ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? 1870? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????????. ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? 1882? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????. ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ) ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????.

???? ≪??????? ?????????≫ ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? 1922 ??? 1943 ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????. ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????????. ????? ????? (1996)? ≪??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????≫. ???? ??????? ?????? (1923-1925) ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ≪????????? ??????? ????? ????????≫. ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ≪???? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? 1925 ??? ??? 1929≫. ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 1929 ??? 1934. ????? ??????? ???????? ?? 1935 ??? 1940? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????: ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????. ??????? ????? ????? (1940-1943) ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? (1943-1945).

???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? . ????? ??? 1943? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? . ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? 1943. ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ? ?????? ????????? ???????. ^[1]

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ? ??????? ??????? (??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? )? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? .

?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? .

??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? . ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????????.

??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? 50 ? ?? ????? ?????? ???? 25 ? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????????? ?? ??? 1921? 1919 ?1924, ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????.

??? ???? 1925 ?1943 ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 1928? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? 1939.

??????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? (1848-1870) [ ??? ]

??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ??? 1848? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? . ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????????. ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????. ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????. ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????. ??? ????? 1860? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ???.

????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????. ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? 1860. ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? 18 ?????? 1861 (????? ??? ????? ?? 17 ????? 1861) ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? 6 ?????? 1814.

??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????????. ?? ????? 1861? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????. ??? 6 ?????? 1861? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ?????? ????????? ?? ??? 1862 ????? ????? ??? ??????.

??? ?????? ?? 1866? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ????????. ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????. ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????.

?? ??? 1870? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????. ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? Zouaves ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ????. ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? (?????? ?? Mezzogiorno)? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ???

?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1870 ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?Zouaves? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????. ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????????. [6] ?? ???? ??? ??? 1929? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????

???? ??????? (1870?1914) [ ??? ]

??? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????? (Destra storica ?? ???? ????????) ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????. ???????? (??? ????? ????? ????????) ???????? ????????. ?? ??? 1876? ???? ? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????.

???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? trasformismo. ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????. ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? Depretis ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?? 1876 ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? Depretis ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ??? Depretis ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ≪????≫ ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????. Depretis ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????. ^[2]

?? ??? 1887? ???? ????????? Crispi ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ???? Crispi ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ^[3]? ????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? 1882 ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? 1915 ?????. ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? trasformismo ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????. ^[4] ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? Crispi ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? 1888 ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????. ^[2]

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????. ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ^[5] ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????. ^[6] ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? 7387 ???? ????? ??? ??????? ^[7] ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????. ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????. ^[8]

??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? (???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????) ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ^[9] ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ^[10] ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? 1871 ???? ??? ?? 61.9 ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? 75.7 ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????. ^[10] ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????. ^[10] ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????. ^[10] ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????. ^[11] ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????. ^[12] ??? ?????? ??????? ?? variated ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????. ^[10]

?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????. ^[13] ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 1871 ??? 30 ???? ?????? ?? 1000 ?????? ^[14] ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? 24.2 ??? 1000 ?? ??? ?? 1890s. ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 1871 ????? 22.7 ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? 50 ?? ?????. [23] ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? 17.6 ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? 1891 ??? ??? 1900. ^[14]

???????? [ ??? ]

?? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????. ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ^[15]

??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 60 ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????. ^[16] ?????? ?? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ^[16] ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ?? ???????. ^[13]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ "Primary Documents ? Treaty of London, 26 April 1915" . FirstWorldWar.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 30 ????? 2017 . ???? ???? ?????? 10 ?????? 2017 .
^ ^? ^? (Smith (1997), p128)
^ (Smith (1997), pp132?133)
^ (Smith (1997), p133)
^ Clark, pp. 33
^ Clark, pp. 29
^ name="Clark">Clark, pp. 29
^ Clark, pp. 30
^ Clark, pp. 36
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Clark, pp. 35
^ Clark, pp. 35?36
^ Clark, pp. 38
^ ^? ^? Clark. Pp. 14
^ ^? ^? Clark, pp. 31
^ Clark, Pp. 27
^ ^? ^? Clark. Pp. 12

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ???????

[firstworldwar.com-1] "Primary Documents ? Treaty of London, 26 April 1915" . FirstWorldWar.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 30 ????? 2017 . ???? ???? ?????? 10 ?????? 2017 .

[Smith_1997,_p128-2] ? ^? (Smith (1997), p128)

[3] (Smith (1997), pp132?133)

[4] (Smith (1997), p133)

[5] Clark, pp. 33

[Clark-6] Clark, pp. 29

[7] ="Clark">Clark, pp. 29

[8] Clark, pp. 30

[9] Clark, pp. 36

[Clark_2-10] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? Clark, pp. 35

[11] Clark, pp. 35?36

[12] Clark, pp. 38

[Clark_4-13] ? ^? Clark. Pp. 14

[Clark_5-14] ? ^? Clark, pp. 31

[15] Clark, Pp. 27

[Clark_6-16] ? ^? Clark. Pp. 12

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

? ? ? ????????? ????? ?????? (1871?1913)
????? ??????	??????-????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????
?????????	????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???????
???????	????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????
????????? ???????????	?????? ????? (1871) ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? Taft?Katsura agreement ???????? ????? Martens Clause ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????
???????	????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? Weltpolitik ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????-?????? ????? German Naval Laws Austro-Italian ????? ????? Annexation of Hawaii ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????
??????	??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????