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????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? 17 ????? 1988 ???? ??? ???????? ???????/ ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? .

???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? 17 ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? 35 ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????.

????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? "????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? 300 ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???". ^[2]

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?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? 45 ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? 22 ????????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? 120 ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? 235 ????????? ??????. ^[3]

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????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???. ???? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ^[4]? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? (????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????) ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? (??? ?????). ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? (?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ) ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????????. ^[5]

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??? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????

?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? 04:30 ??? 17 ????? 1988 ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? 06:00 ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? 06:30 ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? 12:00 ?? ??? 18 ????? 1988 ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? 17 ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ^[6]

??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? . ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? . ^[7]

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???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???????/ ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? 5 ???? 1988 ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????.

???? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????. ^[7]

????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? Ward? Steven (2009). Immortal: a military history of Iran and its armed forces . Georgetown University Press. ?. 292. ISBN : 978-1-58901-258-5 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-17.
^ "???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????" (PDF) . ??????: ????? ?????? ?. ????? 6900. 19 ????? 1989: 3. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ???? |????? ?????= ( ?????? )
^ ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? (PDF) . ????? ??????? ????????. ?. 7 ?8.
^ ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? 2018-01-06 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ????????? ???. [???? "??? ?? ??????? ???????" ]. ?150. {{ ??????? ????? }}: ???? ?? ???? |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ???? ( link )
^ ????????? ???? ?????? ?????. [???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ]. ?154. {{ ??????? ????? }}: ???? ?? ???? |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ???? ( link )
^ ^? ^? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?.241

????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[ward-1] ? ^? Ward? Steven (2009). Immortal: a military history of Iran and its armed forces . Georgetown University Press. ?. 292. ISBN : 978-1-58901-258-5 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-17.

[2] "???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????" (PDF) . ??????: ????? ?????? ?. ????? 6900. 19 ????? 1989: 3. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ???? |????? ?????= ( ?????? )

[3] ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? (PDF) . ????? ??????? ????????. ?. 7 ?8.

[4] ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? 2018-01-06 ?? Wayback Machine

[5] ????????? ???. [???? "??? ?? ??????? ???????" ]. ?150. {{ ??????? ????? }}: ???? ?? ???? |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ???? ( link )

[6] ????????? ???? ?????? ?????. [???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ]. ?154. {{ ??????? ????? }}: ???? ?? ???? |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ???? ( link )

[ReferenceA-7] ? ^? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?.241

[1]

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