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????? ??????? ^[1]^[2] ( ??????????? : Dental restoration )? ?? ????? ??????? ( ??????????? : dental fillings )? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? . ^[3] ???? ????? ??????? ????? ? ??? ????? ? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ^[4] ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????. ^[4]

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ( ???? ?????? ) ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????????. ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????. ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????.

All-ceramic Dental Onlay for a molar tooth

?????? ?? ????: ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? (Gutta Purcha) ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? (?????) ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????.

^[5]^[6]

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??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????.

???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????.

?????? ????? ????? ??? (CAD/CAM) ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????. ^[7]

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??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? (G V Black) ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????: ^[8]

????? ??????: ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????.
????? ???????: ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????.
????? ???????: ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????.
????? ???????: ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????.
????? ???????: ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???????.
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????? ?????? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ^[9] ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????.

??????? ????? ??????:

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????? ????? ??????? ??????: 2
????? ??????: 3

??????? ????? ?????:

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???????: 2
??????: 3
???? ??????: 4

????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????.
?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ?????.
???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????. ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ^[5]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ???? ???? ?????? (2009). ?????? ????? ??????: ??????? - ????? - ???? (???????? ??????????? ?????????) (?. ???????). ?????: ????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???????? . ?. ??. ISBN : 978-9953-86-482-2 . OCLC : 978161740 . QID : Q113466993 .
^ ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? (???????? ???????????)? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?. 692? QID : Q110874466
^ "Your Teeth and Cavities" . WebMD (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2023-06-19 . Retrieved 2017-05-04 .
^ ^? ^? "Direct vs. Indirect Restorations: What's the Difference? - TruYou Dental" (??????????? ?????????). 22 Jan 2021. Archived from the original on 2023-04-02 . Retrieved 2023-06-28 .
^ ^? ^? Dorfman J, The Center for Special Dentistry.
^ Canadian Dental Association, Tooth-coloured fillings
^ TCT magazine, " WorkNC Dental at the "CAD/CAM and Rapid Prototyping in Dental Technology" conference " ???? ?????? 9 ?????? 2011 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ "G. V. Black Classification of Carious Lesions" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-01-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-12-19 .
^ Mount, Graham J.; Bds, W. Rory Hume (1998). "A new cavity classification" . Australian Dental Journal (???????????). 43 (3): 153?159. DOI : 10.1111/j.1834-7819.1998.tb00156.x . ISSN : 1834-7819 . PMID : 9707777 .

????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

????? ??

[1] ???? ???? ?????? (2009). ?????? ????? ??????: ??????? - ????? - ???? (???????? ??????????? ?????????) (?. ???????). ?????: ????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???????? . ?. ??. ISBN : 978-9953-86-482-2 . OCLC : 978161740 . QID : Q113466993 .

[2] ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? (???????? ???????????)? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?. 692? QID : Q110874466

[3] "Your Teeth and Cavities" . WebMD (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2023-06-19 . Retrieved 2017-05-04 .

[:0-4] ? ^? "Direct vs. Indirect Restorations: What's the Difference? - TruYou Dental" (??????????? ?????????). 22 Jan 2021. Archived from the original on 2023-04-02 . Retrieved 2023-06-28 .

[ReferenceA-5] ? ^? Dorfman J, The Center for Special Dentistry.

[6] Canadian Dental Association, Tooth-coloured fillings

[7] TCT magazine, " WorkNC Dental at the "CAD/CAM and Rapid Prototyping in Dental Technology" conference " ???? ?????? 9 ?????? 2011 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[8] "G. V. Black Classification of Carious Lesions" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-01-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-12-19 .

[9] Mount, Graham J.; Bds, W. Rory Hume (1998). "A new cavity classification" . Australian Dental Journal (???????????). 43 (3): 153?159. DOI : 10.1111/j.1834-7819.1998.tb00156.x . ISSN : 1834-7819 . PMID : 9707777 .

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? ? ? ??????? ???? ( ICD-9-CM V3 ^{[???? ????]}‏ 23.2?23.6, ICD-10-PCS 0C?W?X )
????? / ???????	?????? ??????? ???? Resin-retained bridge Rochette bridge ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????
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