????? ???????

??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? . ????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? .

???? ???? ??? ???????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????. ^[1] ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????.

???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ? ??? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? .

???? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????. ^[2] ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????. ^[3] ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? .

?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????. ?? ?????? ??? 2013? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????: ≪??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????. ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?????.≫ ^[4]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? ?????????

???????? ?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ??? (1823-1889)? ????
????? ???? ?????? (1843-1931)? ?????? ??????? ????????
???? ?????? (1905-1984) ?????
???? ????? (1900-1987) ???? ?????
???? ?????? (1947-1982) ???? ?????
???? ????? (1934-1990) ?????
????? ??? (?????? 1937)? ???? ????
???? ??? (1911-2014)? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????
????? ??? (????? 1935)? ???? ????? ????? ?????
????? ???? ????? (1883-1931) ???? ????? ????? ??????

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Mikhail? Lara Moenes (1 ?????? 2019). "The Druze-Maronite sectarian clash in the War of the Mountain (1983-1984): The resilience of mid-nineteenth century Maronite-Druze enmities in the Druze collective memory and its impact on the dynamics and consequences of Harb Al Jabal" . Theses and Dissertations . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-09-18.
^ Reviving Phoenicia: The Search for Identity in Lebanon By Asher Kaufman ???? ?????? 6 ?????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ ???? ??????? , "The Lebanese Identity" Journal of Contemporary History 6.1, Nationalism and Separatism (1971:76-86).
^ Maroon? Habib (31 ???? 2013). "A geneticist with a unifying message" . Nature. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-05-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-10-03 .

????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????

[1] Mikhail? Lara Moenes (1 ?????? 2019). "The Druze-Maronite sectarian clash in the War of the Mountain (1983-1984): The resilience of mid-nineteenth century Maronite-Druze enmities in the Druze collective memory and its impact on the dynamics and consequences of Harb Al Jabal" . Theses and Dissertations . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-09-18.

[2] Reviving Phoenicia: The Search for Identity in Lebanon By Asher Kaufman ???? ?????? 6 ?????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[ReferenceA-3] ???? ??????? , "The Lebanese Identity" Journal of Contemporary History 6.1, Nationalism and Separatism (1971:76-86).

[4] Maroon? Habib (31 ???? 2013). "A geneticist with a unifying message" . Nature. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-05-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-10-03 .

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[2]

[3]

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