한국   대만   중국   일본 
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نموذج لقلب الإنسان، يبيّن القناة الشريانية المفتوحة (أو القناة الشريانية السالكة) بين الشريان الأبهر (أ) والشريان الرئوي
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????? ?? ???? ?????    [???? ????] ‏?   ????? ?????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P527) في ويكي بيانات
??? ?? ??? ??????    [???? ????] ‏  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P279) في ويكي بيانات
??? ?? ???? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P361) في ويكي بيانات
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??????????? ????????? 12.1.00.001   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1323) في ويكي بيانات
UBERON ID 0000948   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1554) في ويكي بيانات
?.?.?.?. A07.541
?.?.?.?. D006321   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P486) في ويكي بيانات
???????/ ??????? Heart
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????? [1] [2] ( ??????????? : Heart )? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? . [3] ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????? ? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? . [4] ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? . [5]

????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????: ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? . [6] [7] ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? . [8] ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????. [7] ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????. [5] ????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????. ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????: ??????? ? ????? ????? ? ???????? . [9]

???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? . ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? . ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????. [10] ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? 72 ???? ?? ???????. [11] ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????. [12]

????? ?????? ??????? ?????? (CVD) ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? 2008? ??? ????? ????? 30% ?? ????? ??????. [13] [14] ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? . [13] ????? ????? ???????: ??????? ? ?????? ????? ? ???????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????. [15] ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? . [5]

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????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????. [16]

??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???????. [17] ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????. [9] ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? . ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????. [9] ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? (????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??????) ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????????. [9]

????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? (??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????)? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????. [9] ????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????. [9] ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? 250 ??? 350 ????. [18] ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? : 12 ?? ????? (5 ???)? ?8 ?? ????? (????? 3.5 ???)? ?6 ?? ?????? (????? 2.5 ???). [9] ???? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????. [9]

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????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????. ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? . ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????. [19] ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????. [20] ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? . [8] ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????. [19]

????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????. [21] ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????. [9] ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????????. [9]

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??????? ???????: ?????? ?????
???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????. [9]
???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????.
???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????. [9]

????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????. [9]

????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? [22] ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????. [22] ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. [23]

???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????????. [24] ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????????. [9] [?] [22]

???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????. ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????. ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????. [9]

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?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? . [9] ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????. [9] ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????. [9] ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????. [9]

???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????. [9] ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? . ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????. [9] ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????. ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???. ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. [9]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????: ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? . [9] ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? . ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????. [25] ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????. [9]

?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? . [9]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????.

????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????: ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????.

????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? . [9] ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? . [9]

????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????????.

?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????-???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? . ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? (8) ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? (8) ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????. [9]

???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????: ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? 99% ?? ???? ???????? ?????????. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????????. [9] ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? 1% ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????. ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? . [9] ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????-??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????- ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????. [9]

???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????: ????? ???? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ????. [9] ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????. [26]

??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ????????? ????? (????? ??????).

????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????. [9]

????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? . ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????) ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????. ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? (?? ????? 60% ?? ???????)? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? (?? ????? 90% ?? ???????). ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????. [27]

????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? (???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????) ??????? ?????? ?????? (???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????) ??????? ?????? ?????? (???? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????) ???????? ??????? ???????. [28] ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. [9]

???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? . ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????. [29]

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????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? . ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????. [30] ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. [9] ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. [9] [29]

????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????. [31] ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????????? (????? ????? ???????????????) ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????. [9] ????? ?????????????? ????????? ???? 1. [9]

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????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ( ?? ??????) ?????? ????? ?????(?? ??????). ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???.?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? (???? ???? ???????? ?????????). ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????/????? ??? ????????/?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????. [9]

????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????. ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???.

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????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???

?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????. ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? . ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????. [9]

???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????. [9] ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????. [9] ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????. ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????.

?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? . ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. [9] ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????.

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

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???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. [11] ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????. ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????. ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????. ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. [9]

?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? (??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????). ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? (?????? ??????) ???????? ?????? (?????? ??????). [11]

????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????? (?????? ?????? ??????) ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????. [11]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? X ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?/? ?????? Y ????? ?????. [9]

???? ????? (CO) ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? (??? ??????) ???? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? (SV) ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? (HR). ????? ????? ??????? CO = SV x HR. [9] ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????.

????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? 5.25 ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? 70 ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? 4 ??? 8 ????? ?? ??????? . [9] ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????. [9]

???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????. ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????- ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???. [9] ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????-????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????????. [9] [32]

????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????. ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????. [9]

??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????? . [33] ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. ????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ≪???????≫ ?????? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????? . [34] ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????????????? ≪???????≫ ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????. [33]

??????? ????????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????.

????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????.

?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????. [35] ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????. [36] [37] [38] ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? -???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????. [9] ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????. ?? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????. [39]

?????? ?????? ?? ?????.

???? ????? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????. [9]

????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????. [40]

????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ????. [9] ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? -60 ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????. [9]

????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ≪??????≫ ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? C ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ??????????. [41]

?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? 60 ??? 100 ???? ?? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? 129 ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????. [42] ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? 60 ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??? 150 ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? 200 ?? 220 ???? ?? ???????. [9]

????????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. [43] ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? . ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????. [9]

???????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? [44] ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????. [9] ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ????. [9] ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????. ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????. [45]

???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????. [9]

????? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? (????) ?????? ????? ??????? (?????? ?? ??????) ???????? (???? ?? ??????). ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????.

??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? . [9] ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??1 ?S1 ???2 S2. ????? ????? S1 ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ≪??≫. ??? ????? ?????? S2 ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??≪??≫. [9] ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????. [46] ?? ????? S2 ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. [46] ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? S3 ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ?????? S4 ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????. [9]

?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????. [47] ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? . [48]

??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????. [49]

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ??? ???? ?????
?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????.

????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. [50] ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? . [50] ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? 30% ?? ????? ?????? ??? 2008 ???????. [13] ?????? ??? ??????? ??? 28 ??? 40 ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. [14] ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????. [51]

??? ??????? ???????

??????? ???????: ??? ??????? ???????

??? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? -????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. [52] ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ( ???? ) ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????. ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? . [53] ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? -????? ????? ???? ????? ?????. [54] ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????. [50] [52]

??? ?????

??????? ???????: ??? ?????

???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????. [52] ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????. [55] ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? (?????? ????? ???? ????? )? ????? ( ???? ) ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????. [56]

?????? ???? ?????

??????? ???????: ?????? ???? ?????

?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? HOCM. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? (?????? ???? ????? ????????)? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? (?????? ???? ????? ???????)? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? (?????? ???? ???? ???????). [57] ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? HOCM ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????. [9]

??? ???? ?????

??????? ???????: ??? ???? ?????

??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????. [58] ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????. ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? 1 (?????? ??????) ??? 6 (?????? ?????)? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???. [58] ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? [9] ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. [59] ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. [58] ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? [60] ??? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? A ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????. [61]

?????? ????? ??????

??????? ???????: ?????? ??? ????

???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? . ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? (Tachycardia)? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ????????) ?? ????? ????? ??????? ( Bradycardia) ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? 100 ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? 60 ???? ?? ???????. [62] ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????????. [62] ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????-????????-????. [62]

????? ?????? ????????

?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? (???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???Q)? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????. [63] ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? . [64]

????? ????? ???????

??????? ???????: ??? ???? ????

???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? 25% ?? ?????? [65] ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? (????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????) ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? (?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????). [66] [67] ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????. [66] ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????. ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? . [67]

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? . [68]

????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????. [69] [70] ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????. ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? (?????) ???? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????. ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????. [70]

???????? ???? [ ??? ]

???? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? 4 ??? 6 ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? 12 ??? 24 ????. [34] ????? ????? ???????? ????????-????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? 3 ??? 6 ?????? [71] ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????. ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ??????? BNP ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????. [72] ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? MB ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????. [73]

?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? (?? ?????? ????? HbA1c) ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????. [74]

????? ???????? ????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????.

???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ECG ??EKG. ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ≪12 ?????≫ ???? ?? ???? ????? ????????? (????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????). [75]

???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????: ??????? P (???? ????????? ???????)? ?????? QRS (???? ????????? ??????). ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????. [75] )? ??????? T (????? ??????? ????????). [9] ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????. ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? (≪???? ???????≫) ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? (≪???? ???????≫) ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????. ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???????. [75] ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ????. ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? 24 ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????. [75]

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? (??????? ??????)? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? . ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? (???)? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? (??? ??????) ??? ??? ????? ??????? (??? ????? ????????). [76] ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????????. [70]

???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????. [70]

?????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????.

??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? (??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????)? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? (?????? ????)? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????????. [77] ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????? ??? ???????. ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? (????????? ???????) ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????. [74] ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????. ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????. [74]

????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????. ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????. [74]

????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? . [74]

??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???????.

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ( ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ) . ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????. [78]

??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. [78]

??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? . [78]

??????? [ ??? ]

?????? [ ??? ]

??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???.

??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????. [79] ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. [80] [81] [82] ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????. [80] [82] ???? ????????????? (304-250 ??? ???????) ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????. ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. [80]

??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ( ????? ?????? ???????? ) ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? (???? ????) ????? ???????? (???? ????) ????? ??????? ????????. [80] ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????????. [82] ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????????. [82] ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ≪?????≫ ?????? ??? ????????. [79] ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????. [82]

???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???. [79] [82]

?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ≪ ??? ????? ??????? ≫ ???? ?????? ? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? 1242. [83] ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????. [84] ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????. [85]

?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? . ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ≪???? ????? ??????≫ ???? ???? ??? 1543? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????. [86] ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ≪????? ????????≫ ???? ???? ??? 1553 ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????. [86]

?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????.

??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ≪???? ?????≫ ?????? ??? 1628? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????. [82] ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???? ????? (1865-1944) ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????. ???? ?????? ???????? [87] (1826-1927) ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ???? ≪???? ?????-????????≫. [9]

??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????????? ????? ???????? ???? "----" ??? 1906. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????. ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????????????? ???? 1924. [88]

?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? 1967 ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???<? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? . ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????. ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? 18 ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????. [89] ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? . ????? ????/???? ??? 2000 ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? 55.000 ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????. [90]

????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ????? 1948? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? 30 ??? 40 ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???????. [91]

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ??????
????? ? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????.
??? ????? ?? ???? ????? seal

???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? . [92] ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??? ≪??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? - ???????? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ≫. ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????. ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????. [93] ??? ????? ??≪??≫ ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ?? ≪??≫ ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. [94] ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ≪??≫ ????? ≪???-??≫ ????? ≪????≫ (?????? ???? ≪???? ?????≫) ?≪???-??≫ ????? ≪????≫ (?????? ≪?????? ?? ?????≫). [95] ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????. [96] ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? (??? ???? ??? ????? ?????) ?? ????? ??????? ??????. [97] ???? ?????? ??????? x?n ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??≪?????≫ ?≪??????≫ ?≪???????≫. [98] ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ? ≪???≫ ?? ≪ ????? ? ?????? ≫. [99] ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. [100] ?????? ??????????? ????? ?? h?d ?? h?daya ? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????????. ?? ????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ?≪?????≫ ?≪?????≫ ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ???? Hrd ????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????????. [101] [102] ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????. [103] ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????. [104] ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????. ??? ?????? ??? ????? ( tona ) ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ( istli ). ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ( tona-tiuh ) ??? ≪????? ?????? ??????≫. [105] ?? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? . [106] ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????. [107]

??? ?? ????? ≪????? ???????≫ ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ???????. ???? ???? ≪???? ??????≫ ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????. ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????.

?????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????. ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????: ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????????. [108] ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????. [109] ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ????????. [110] ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ≪???? ?????≫? [111] ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????.

??????? ???? [ ??? ]

??????? ???? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? 12 ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? 600 ???????? ?? ????? ??????. [112] ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????. [113] ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????. [114] ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????. ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????. ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? 20 ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?600 ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? [115] ???? ??? 1200 ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. [116]

????? ??????? ????????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????.
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????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????-?????? ????? ????. ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????. [117] ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????. ??????? ???? ?????? ?????-?????? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? (????) ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???. [115] ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. [118] ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????. [115]

????? ??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????????? (???????? ???????) ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????. ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? [119] [120] ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??-????? ???? ??????- ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????. [115]

??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????:????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????.

??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? [121] ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? [122] ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? [122] ?????? [123] ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????.?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ≪????? ??????≫? ????? ?????? ???????? ≪????? ?????≫. [124] ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. (?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????). [115] ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? S. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? . ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????. ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????????. ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???????. [115]

??????????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ???????? (????? ??????) ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? (????? ????? ?????) ???????? ?????? ??????? (????? ??????). ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????.
???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.

???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? (????)? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????. ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??????. [125] ?? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????. [125] ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ≪??????≫ ???? ????? ≪??? ?????≫ ????. ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????. [126] [127]

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ???.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

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