????? ??????? ??????? ??????

????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? (OECD). ^[1]^[2]

?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 2004 ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ( ???????? )? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ^[3]^[4] ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? . ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? 2004 ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ^[5]^[6]^[7]

??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ≪??????? ??????? ????????≫. ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????.

?? ??? 2006 ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????.

????? ??????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? (??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????) ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????.

?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? (OECD) ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? (OECD). ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????. ^[8]

??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???. ^[9]

??????? ???? ??????? ????????

????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 2004 [ ??? ]

??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 2004. ????? ??????? ?????? ???? 2004 ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? (??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????) ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????. ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? 2004 ?????? ???? ?????. ^[12]^[13]

???????	???????	??????	??? ??????	??????? ??????? ??? ??????
1	????	??????? ???????	11,917,000	8,920 ^[14]
2	???????	?????	11,154,928
3	?????	?????	11,089,124	12,079.87 ^[14]
4	?????	???????	5,804,829	8,022
5	??? ?????	???????	5,302,179	4,435
6	?????	???????	4,971,331	17,385
7	??????	???????	4,475,682	564.95
8	???????	???????	4,233,638	1,796.64
9	?????	???????	4,013,368	3,806.92
10	?????	?????	3,736,359
11	????	???????	3,457,690	3,666.66
12	???????	???????	3,134,620	7,304
12	??????	???????	3,076,643	1,348.32
13	??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ^{[???? ????]}‏	??????	2,710,397	2,650.65
14	????????	???????	2,663,660	3,654
15	?????	??????	2,660,406	5,198.52
16	???????	??????? ???????	2,539,100	1,280
17	?????	???????	2,531,706	5,504
18	?????????	???????	2,517,561	4,305
19	?????	?????	2,459,474
20	??????	????????	2,435,837	1,432.49
21	???????	?????	2,393,846	2,538 ^[14]
22	???? ^{[???? ????]}‏	??????? ???????	2,393,300	5,114 ^[14]
23	???????? (???????)	??????? ???????	2,357,100	1,598
24	?????	??????	2,179,769	4,610.93 ^[14]
25	???????	???????	2,140,194	662
26	????	??????? ??????	1,964,750	6,977 ^[14]
27	???????	???????	1,873,580	1,626
28	????????	??????	1,860,872	6,519
29	????????	????????	1,806,667 ^[14]	2,759 ^[14]
30	????? ?????? ???????	??????	1,800,663	1,613.91
31	??????	??????? ???????	1,747,100	3,346
32	??????	???????	1,745,221	1,878.97
33	????	?????	1,717,300	5,997.68 ^[14]
34	??????	???????	1,564,145	1,440.58
35	????	??????? ???????	1,535,446 ^[14]
36	????????	???????	1,525,029	1,201
37	????? (?????)	?????	1,474,482
38	????????	??????	1,443,258	859.28
39	????	?????	1,394,130
40	???????	??????? ???????	1,365,900	821
41	??????	???????	1,297,876	2,921
42	??????	???????	1,294,447	2,966
43	???????	???????	1,288,797	2,934
44	?????	??????? ???????	1,277,100	1,846
45	??????	??????	1,264,322	2,988.65
46	?????	???????	1,263,807 ^[14]	3,424.2 ^[14]
47	???????	???????	1,249,346	3,081.9
48	????? (?????)	???????	1,249,291	5,885
50	??????	??????	1,224,107	2,969.94
51	???????	??????	1,186,818	611.75
52	????	??????	1,163,516	2,857.51
53	????????	??????? ??????	1,153,876	3,889.6 ^[14]
54	?????	??????	1,110,478	1,086.14
55	Tricity	??????	1,105,203	3,457.32
56	?????	????????	1,099,040	562.32
57	?????	???????	1,090,513	6,920
58	??????? ???? ????	??????? ???????	1,055,600	3,385
59	?????	?????	1,052,795
60	?????	?????	1,052,497	4,706.93 ^[14]
61	????????	??????	1,031,439	4,582.2
62	??????	??????	1,018,511	3,719.2
63	?????	??????? ???????	1,006,600	1,635
64	????	??????	1,003,949	5,382.5

??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? 250 ????? ??? ???????? ???????:

??? ??????
??????? ??????????
??????? ??????????
???????? ???????
??????? ????????
????
????? ??????
????? ?????????
??????? ??????????

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? ^? Part of the ???????? polycentric urban region consisting of the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and ?????? (982,000). The total population of the region is 7,100,000.
^ ^? ^? The Flemish Diamond metropolitan region, which consists of the metropolitan areas of Brussels, Antwerp, Gent, and Leuven, has a total population of 5,103,000.
^ Total population is 4,251,000 if the metropolitan area of ?????? (???????) (169,000) is included.
^ Part of the wider Oresund region , which includes the Swedish metropolitan area of Malmo (961,000). The total regional population is 2,842,000.
^ Part of the Rhein-Main metropolitan region with a total population of 4,149,000, which additionally includes the metropolitan areas of ???????? (501,000), ??????? (453,000), and ?????? (431,000).
^ Part of the polycentric Upper Silesian urban region with a total population of 5,294,000. The region additionally includes the metropolitan areas of ???????? (1,046,000), ??????? ????? (584,000) and Rybnik (526,000).
^ Leeds and Bradford counted separately.
^ Kortrijk not included.
^ Part of the wider Lille- Bassin Minier region with a total population of 3,115,000.
^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 6,011,000.
^ When combined with the ???????? metropolitan area (606,000), the region has a total population of 3,271,000.
^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 3,714,000.
^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 1,778,000.
^ Excludes Southampton
^ ^? ^? Polycentric metropolitan area
^ Excludes Neuss.
^ ^? ^? ^? Part of the polycentric urban region of ????-??? , which has a total population of 12,190,000.
^ Excludes Bonn which has a population of 750,370
^ Excludes Bonn
^ Essen, Bochum, and Dortmund counted separately.
^ Saarbrucken only
^ Total population is 1,262,000 if the metropolitan area of ?????? (82,000) is included.
^ Total population is 1,716,000 if the metropolitan of ???????? is included.
^ Excludes Sunderland
^ Total population is 1,499,000 if the metropolitan area of ??????? is included.

????? [ ??? ]

^ "European cities ? the EU-OECD functional urban area definition" . ???????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-03-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-08-02 .
^ Position Statement on Cohesion Policy 2014?2020 , EuroMETREX. Retrieved 2 July 2015. ???? ?????? 2016-03-04 ?? Wayback Machine ^{[
???? ??????
]}
^ "City statistics - Urban audit" . Eurostat. 2006. ????? ?? ????? ?? 6 ?????? 2009.
^ "The shift of Eurostat to Urban Statistics" . Dr. Berthold Feldmann, Eurostat. ???? 2006. ????? ?? ????? ?? 20 ?????? 2006.
^ http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999003.pdf ???? ?????? 27 ????? 2011 ?? Wayback Machine
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110727094843/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999004.pdf . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2011-07-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-02-19 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? ( ?????? )
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110727094905/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999006.pdf . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2011-07-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-02-19 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? ( ?????? )
^ ^? ^? "OEDC Populations in cities" . OEDC. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-04-02 .
^ "Urban Audit Database" . Urbanaudit.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-05-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-04-29 .
^ European Spatial Planning Observation Network , Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3) ???? ?????? 24 ?????? 2015 ?? Wayback Machine , Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007) ^{[
???? ??????
]}
^ Eurostat ???? ?????? 6 ?????? 2014 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "Urban Audit" . European Commission. 2006. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-05-31.
^ "State of European Cities Report" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 19 ????? 2011 . ???? ???? ?????? 29 ????? 2011 .
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^?? ^?? ^?? ^?? Data for 2001 (2004 data not yet available)

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

GMES Urban Atlas: PDF files , ZIP files
???????? : European cities
Eurostat: Total population in Urban Audit cities, Larger Urban Zone

[randstad-12] ? ^? ^? Part of the ???????? polycentric urban region consisting of the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and ?????? (982,000). The total population of the region is 7,100,000.

[flemishdiamond-13] ? ^? The Flemish Diamond metropolitan region, which consists of the metropolitan areas of Brussels, Antwerp, Gent, and Leuven, has a total population of 5,103,000.

[14] Total population is 4,251,000 if the metropolitan area of ?????? (???????) (169,000) is included.

[15] Part of the wider Oresund region , which includes the Swedish metropolitan area of Malmo (961,000). The total regional population is 2,842,000.

[16] Part of the Rhein-Main metropolitan region with a total population of 4,149,000, which additionally includes the metropolitan areas of ???????? (501,000), ??????? (453,000), and ?????? (431,000).

[17] Part of the polycentric Upper Silesian urban region with a total population of 5,294,000. The region additionally includes the metropolitan areas of ???????? (1,046,000), ??????? ????? (584,000) and Rybnik (526,000).

[18] Leeds and Bradford counted separately.

[19] Kortrijk not included.

[20] Part of the wider Lille- Bassin Minier region with a total population of 3,115,000.

[21] Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 6,011,000.

[22] When combined with the ???????? metropolitan area (606,000), the region has a total population of 3,271,000.

[23] Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 3,714,000.

[24] Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 1,778,000.

[25] Excludes Southampton

[pc-26] ? ^? Polycentric metropolitan area

[27] Excludes Neuss.

[rheinruhr-28] ? ^? ^? Part of the polycentric urban region of ????-??? , which has a total population of 12,190,000.

[29] Excludes Bonn which has a population of 750,370

[30] Excludes Bonn

[31] Essen, Bochum, and Dortmund counted separately.

[32] Saarbrucken only

[33] Total population is 1,262,000 if the metropolitan area of ?????? (82,000) is included.

[34] Total population is 1,716,000 if the metropolitan of ???????? is included.

[35] Excludes Sunderland

[36] Total population is 1,499,000 if the metropolitan area of ??????? is included.

[fua-1] "European cities ? the EU-OECD functional urban area definition" . ???????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-03-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-08-02 .

[2] Position Statement on Cohesion Policy 2014?2020 , EuroMETREX. Retrieved 2 July 2015. ???? ?????? 2016-03-04 ?? Wayback Machine ^{[
???? ??????
]}

[urbanaudit-3] "City statistics - Urban audit" . Eurostat. 2006. ????? ?? ????? ?? 6 ?????? 2009.

[wrongc-4] "The shift of Eurostat to Urban Statistics" . Dr. Berthold Feldmann, Eurostat. ???? 2006. ????? ?? ????? ?? 20 ?????? 2006.

[5] ttp://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999003.pdf ???? ?????? 27 ????? 2011 ?? Wayback Machine

[6] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20110727094843/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999004.pdf . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2011-07-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-02-19 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? ( ?????? )

[7] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20110727094905/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999006.pdf . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2011-07-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-02-19 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? ( ?????? )

[OEDC_Populations_in_cities-8] ? ^? "OEDC Populations in cities" . OEDC. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-04-02 .

[9] "Urban Audit Database" . Urbanaudit.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-05-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-04-29 .

[10] European Spatial Planning Observation Network , Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3) ???? ?????? 24 ?????? 2015 ?? Wayback Machine , Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007) ^{[
???? ??????
]}

[11] Eurostat ???? ?????? 6 ?????? 2014 ?? Wayback Machine

[wrongf-37] "Urban Audit" . European Commission. 2006. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-05-31.

[38] "State of European Cities Report" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 19 ????? 2011 . ???? ???? ?????? 29 ????? 2011 .

[luz01-39] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^?? ^?? ^?? ^?? Data for 2001 (2004 data not yet available)

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