???? ???? ??? ???????
[1]
?
????
?????
??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????
????? ??????
? ??? ??
??????
??
5 ????
1948
? ???? ?????? ??
????? ??????
? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????
????? ??????? ??????
???
1990
?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????
??????
??? ?????
???? ????
? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??
??????
???
2006
.
????? ?????
[
???
]
??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??
????
???
1948
??????
??????
? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????
??? ????
? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????????.
????? ??? ?????? ???
????? ????????
????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????
????????
?????????? (????? ?????) ???
??????
?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??
????? ????
??? ?? ???
??????
?? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ≪??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????
??????
???? ??? ??????
????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????≫.
[
????? ?????
]
??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? (???? ???) ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? (??? ??? ??? ??????)? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? (???? ?????) ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???
1974
? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????
1981
-
1983
.
??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????
?????? ???? ?????
1980
? ???? ?? ????? ??????
??? ?????? ??? ?????
? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????
???? ????
????? ???? ???????? (?????) ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????
???? ????
???? ??? ????
?????? ??????
??????.
???????
[
???
]
- ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? - ?????? ??? 1977 ?????? ?????
???? ???? ?????? ??????
.
- ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? 2003 - ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????.
- ????? ?? ??????? ?????? (?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????) ? ?????? 10 - ??? 2013.
[2]
- ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? 21 ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? 2015.
[3]
????? ??????? ??????
[
???
]
???? ????
????? ??????? ??????
???
1990???
?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????
1991
?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????
??? ???? ??????
(??? ???? ???? ????) ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????
[4]
??? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??
????? ??????? ??????
???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????
???? ????
??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??
?????
2005
.
?????? ??? ??????
[
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]
??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??
??????
?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????
????? ???????
?????? ?? ?????
??????
??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??
??????
??
20
??????
2006
??
????? ??????????
?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????
???? ??? ??????
?? ???
????
????? ???? ?? ?????
???? ??????
??? ????????? ???
1961
.
???????
[
???
]
- ????? (????? ?????? ???????) ??? ???
1967
??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????.
- ????? (????? ????) ??? ???
1977
.
- ????? (???? ??????) ??? ???
1984
.
- ????? (?? ????????) ??? ???
1985
.
??? ?? ?????? ???????
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- ?? ??????
- ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? (????? ???? ????????) ????? 18 ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????.
[5]
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[18]
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.. ???? ???????
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) ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
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??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? (???? ???????) ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????
[21]
[22]
??? 2015.
2- ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? 2000 ??? ??????? ?? ????? (?? ??????
[23]
) ???? ????? ????? (????? ????).
???? ???? ?????
[
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??? ?? ???
2015
??? ??????? ????
???? ????? (????)
[24]
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.
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