???? ?????? ????

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???????	22 ?????? 1666 ; ?????
??????	7 ?????? 1708 (41 ???) ; ?????? ‏
??????	???? ???? ; ???? ??????? ; ???? ????? ????
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	????? ????? - ?????

?????? ?????? ???? ?? (???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ^[2])? 31 ?? ?????? ??? 1666? - 21 ?? ?????? 1708? ^[3]) ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? (???????? ?????) ????? ???. ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ^[?] ??? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ^[8]^[9] ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ≪?????≫ ????? ????? ?? ??? 1699? ^[10]^[11]^[12] ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? .

??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? - ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? . ^[13]^[14]^[15]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????

????? [ ??? ]

^ Jenkins, Grewal, and Olson state Tegh Bahadur was executed for refusing to convert to Islam. ^[4]^[5]^[6] Whereas, Truschke states Tegh Bahadur was executed for causing unrest in the Punjab. ^[7]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Encyclopædia Britannica | Gobind Singh (???????????), QID : Q5375741
^ Owen Cole? William (1995). The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practice . Sussex Academic Press. ?. 36. {{ ??????? ????? }}: ?????? author-name-list parameters ???? ???? ?? ??? ( ?????? )
^ "A Biography of Guru Gobind Singh Ji on the website of SGPC" . Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-06-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-07-30 .
^ Jenkins 2000 ? ???? 200.
^ Grewal 1998 ? ???? 72.
^ Olson 2007 ? ???? 23.
^ Truschke 2017 ? ???? 54-55.
^ Singh, Patwant; (2000). The Sikhs. Alfred A Knopf Publishing. Pages 17. ISBN 0-375-40728-6 .
^ "A Biography of Guru Guru Nanak on BBC" . BBC. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-11-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-12-30 .
^ Mandair? Arvind-Pal Singh? Shackle? Christopher? Singh? Gurharpal (2013). Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity . Routledge. ?. 25?28. ISBN : 978-1-136-84627-4 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-11.
^ "BBC Religions ? Sikhism" . BBC. 26 ?????? 2009. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-01-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-07-30 .
^ Dhavan? P (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799 . Oxford University Press. ?. 3?4. ISBN : 978-0-19-975655-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-07-02.
^ Seiple? Chris? Hoover? Dennis? Otis? Pauletta (2013). The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Security . Routledge. ?. 93. ISBN : 978-0-415-66744-9 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-03-26. ;
Richards? John F. (1995). The Mughal Empire . Cambridge University Press. ?. 255?258. ISBN : 978-0-521-56603-2 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-05-31.
^ "The Sikh Review". Sikh Cultural Centre . ?. 20 ?. 218?229: 28. 1972.
^ Hardip Singh Syan (2013). Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India . I.B.Tauris. ?. 218?222. ISBN : 978-1-78076-250-0 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-04-07.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ?????? ????

??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[8] Jenkins, Grewal, and Olson state Tegh Bahadur was executed for refusing to convert to Islam. ^[4]^[5]^[6] Whereas, Truschke states Tegh Bahadur was executed for causing unrest in the Punjab. ^[7]

[wikidata-2e9f5292a30f0f33ac61c2bbdfef69193970a25a-1] Encyclopædia Britannica | Gobind Singh (???????????), QID : Q5375741

[2] Owen Cole? William (1995). The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practice . Sussex Academic Press. ?. 36. {{ ??????? ????? }}: ?????? author-name-list parameters ???? ???? ?? ??? ( ?????? )

[3] "A Biography of Guru Gobind Singh Ji on the website of SGPC" . Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-06-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-07-30 .

[FOOTNOTEJenkins2000200-4] Jenkins 2000 ? ???? 200.

[FOOTNOTEGrewal199872-5] Grewal 1998 ? ???? 72.

[FOOTNOTEOlson200723-6] Olson 2007 ? ???? 23.

[FOOTNOTETruschke201754-55-7] Truschke 2017 ? ???? 54-55.

[9] Singh, Patwant; (2000). The Sikhs. Alfred A Knopf Publishing. Pages 17. ISBN 0-375-40728-6 .

[10] "A Biography of Guru Guru Nanak on BBC" . BBC. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-11-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-12-30 .

[MandairShackle2013p25-11] Mandair? Arvind-Pal Singh? Shackle? Christopher? Singh? Gurharpal (2013). Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity . Routledge. ?. 25?28. ISBN : 978-1-136-84627-4 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-11.

[BBC-12] "BBC Religions ? Sikhism" . BBC. 26 ?????? 2009. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-01-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-07-30 .

[13] Dhavan? P (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799 . Oxford University Press. ?. 3?4. ISBN : 978-0-19-975655-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-07-02.

[Routledge-14] Seiple? Chris? Hoover? Dennis? Otis? Pauletta (2013). The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Security . Routledge. ?. 93. ISBN : 978-0-415-66744-9 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-03-26. ;
Richards? John F. (1995). The Mughal Empire . Cambridge University Press. ?. 255?258. ISBN : 978-0-521-56603-2 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-05-31.

[15] "The Sikh Review". Sikh Cultural Centre . ?. 20 ?. 218?229: 28. 1972.

[16] Hardip Singh Syan (2013). Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India . I.B.Tauris. ?. 218?222. ISBN : 978-1-78076-250-0 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-04-07.

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