??? ?????

????? ????????
	??? ????????? ????????? (??? ????????? 1943)
?????	???? ; ???? ; ????
????????	7 ?????? 1943
????????	?????
??????	???? ????? ?????
	????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????
	????? ????? - ?????

????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? (1:2:1)? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????. ^[1]^[2] ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????.

????? ????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? 92? ????? 12? ??? ??? ??? "???????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????". ^[3] ?????? 104? ????? 16? ??? ???: "????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????". ^[4]

???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? (1790-1869) ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? :

≪??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ^[5]≫

??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? (1900-1944) ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? 1935? ??? ?? ????? "Citadel": ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????. ??? ????? -??? ?????- ?????? ??????. ^[6]

??? ??? 1920 ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????:

≪?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ^[6]≫

???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? 1943 ? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????. ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????.

????? ????? [ ??? ]

1516: ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????.
1698: ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????.
1842: ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????.
1918: ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????.
1920: ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????-??????-?????? ?????? ???? ????.
1943: ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? 1943 ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? 1943 .

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ???????	????	????	????
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???? ???? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? 5 ?? ????? ?????:

≪????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????. ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ^[7]≫

????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????????
???? ???? ???????????? ?????????
???? ???? ???????????? ?????????
???????????? ?????????
???? ??????? ???????
???? ???? ?????? ????????
?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????
???? ???? ????? ??? ??????

?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ???????? ?????? ??????
????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???
????? ???????? ??????? ?????????

????? ???????? ????????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ???????? (1119-1697)
???? ???? ????? ??????? (750?1258)
????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? (1171?1250)
????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? (1250?1517)
????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? (1697?1842)
????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????????? (1844?1917)

??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????.

???????? ??????? ??? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? (1920?1943)
??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? (1920?1943)
??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? (1920?1943)

????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? . ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? (??? ?????) ?? ???????.

?????? ???? ???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??? 1943. ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ? ^[8]^[9] ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????????. ?? ??????? ?? 7 ?????? 1943? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? 5 ?? ??????? ???????? .

???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ?????? ?????? (??? ?????) ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???????. ^[10]^[11] ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????.

??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ( ????? ????????? ). ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ^[12] ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???.

????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????
????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? 1943
????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? (1918-1920)
????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? (1830)
??? ?????? ??????
??? ????????
??? ???? ?????? ??????? ^[13]
??? ??????? ???????
??? ?????????

????? ???????? ?? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ????? ????? ?????

????? ???? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ "??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? flagspot.net" . flagspot.net. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-03.
^ "??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? britannica.com" . britannica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-09.
^ "??? (?? 92: 12): ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????" . st-takla.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-09-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-09-15 .
^ ????? 104 | ????? KEH ?????? ?????? | YouVersion . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-09-25.
^ "DESTINATION GUIDE: Lebanon - Hidden Gem of the Middle East" . www.ukclimbing.com (???????????). 14 Jan 2020. Archived from the original on 2022-04-06 . Retrieved 2023-09-15 .
^ ^? ^? "Une escapade a Becharre, refuge des maronites persecutes apres la chute de Byzance" . L'Orient-Le Jour . 17 ????? 2014. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-08-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-09-15 .
^ "Constitute - ????? 1926 (?????? 2004) ?????" . www.constituteproject.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-06-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-09-15 .
^ "Lebanon" . www.crwflags.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-08-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-09-16 .
^ "???? ????? ????? "?????? ?????": ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????" . Mustaqbal Web . 29 ?????? 2019. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-09-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-09-16 .
^ Erman, Adolf (1927). The Literature of the Ancient Egyptians: Poems, Narratives, and Manuals of Instruction, from the Third and Second Millennia B. C. (???????????). Methuen & Company, Limited. Archived from the original on 2023-09-30.
^ Cromer, Gerald (2004). A War of Words: Political Violence and Public Debate in Israel (???????????). Frank Cass. ISBN : 978-0-7146-5631-1 . Archived from the original on 2023-09-30.
^ "History Atlas" . www.historyatlas.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-08-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-09-16 .
^ "Historical Flags (Lebanon)" . www.crwflags.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-08-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-09-16 .

??? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? 1974? ? 12-13.

??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[1] "??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? flagspot.net" . flagspot.net. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-03.

[2] "??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? britannica.com" . britannica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-09.

[3] "??? (?? 92: 12): ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????" . st-takla.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-09-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-09-15 .

[4] ????? 104 | ????? KEH ?????? ?????? | YouVersion . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-09-25.

[5] "DESTINATION GUIDE: Lebanon - Hidden Gem of the Middle East" . www.ukclimbing.com (???????????). 14 Jan 2020. Archived from the original on 2022-04-06 . Retrieved 2023-09-15 .

[:0-6] ? ^? "Une escapade a Becharre, refuge des maronites persecutes apres la chute de Byzance" . L'Orient-Le Jour . 17 ????? 2014. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-08-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-09-15 .

[7] "Constitute - ????? 1926 (?????? 2004) ?????" . www.constituteproject.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-06-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-09-15 .

[8] "Lebanon" . www.crwflags.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-08-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-09-16 .

[9] "???? ????? ????? "?????? ?????": ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????" . Mustaqbal Web . 29 ?????? 2019. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-09-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-09-16 .

[10] Erman, Adolf (1927). The Literature of the Ancient Egyptians: Poems, Narratives, and Manuals of Instruction, from the Third and Second Millennia B. C. (???????????). Methuen & Company, Limited. Archived from the original on 2023-09-30.

[11] Cromer, Gerald (2004). A War of Words: Political Violence and Public Debate in Israel (???????????). Frank Cass. ISBN : 978-0-7146-5631-1 . Archived from the original on 2023-09-30.

[12] "History Atlas" . www.historyatlas.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-08-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-09-16 .

[13] "Historical Flags (Lebanon)" . www.crwflags.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-08-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-09-16 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

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? ? ? ????? ????
??? ??? ?????	?????? ??????? ¹ ???????? ¹ ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ³ ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ¹ ????? ³ ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ¹ ??? ?????????? ????????? ³ ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ³ ??????? ??????? ² ????? ????? ??????? ?????
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¹ ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????. ² ?????? ????? ???? ??????? . ³ ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????.

? ? ? ?????? ?????
?????	??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? 1982 ???? ?????
???????	??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????
?????????	??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
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???????	??????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ( ???? ) ?????????? ?? ??????
???	????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????
??????	??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????