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???? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????. [1] [2] ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? 89 ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????. [1] ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????. [3]

????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ???? [4] ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? (????? ??????). [5] ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????. ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? [6] ??????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? [7] ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? [8] ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????. [9] ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????. [10]

???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? [11] ?????? ????? ????????? ? [12] ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? [13] ?????? ????????? [14] ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???. [15] ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 2008 ???? ?? 40 ????? ?????. [16] ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? 1994 ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 2010. ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? [17] [18] ???? ???????? [19] [20] ???? ?????? [21] ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????.

???????? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? [16] ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. [22]

???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1946? ?1982-1983? ?2002-2003. ???? ?? 17 ?????? 2008 ??? 185 ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? 1 ????? 2009 ??? 31 ?????? 2010. [23] ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? 1 ?????.

????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????. [24]

?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????. [25] [26] [27]

????? ????? ????????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????????. [12] ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? [28] ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????. [29] ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? 1989 ????? ?????????? ?? ??? 1991. [29]

???? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1964? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????. ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????????. [30] ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? 1989. [31]

?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ????. ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. [32]

??????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ??????? 17 ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 1998 ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????. [33] [34] [35]

???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 2002? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??. [36] ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????.

??????? ??? ??????? [ ??? ]

???????? ??? ???????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????????. [37] ????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? 80% ?? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????. [38] ??????? ??????? ????? 1100 ?? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ???. [39]

?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? 1990 ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? 2007 ??? ???? ?? 90% ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????. [40] ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ?? 11 ?????? 2006? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? 6500 ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????. [41] ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? 25000 ????. [42] ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????? 2000 ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? 2006? [43] ?????? 2300 ???? ???? ???? ??? 2007? [44] ????? ?? 6200 ??? ????? ????? ??? 2008. [45] ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??????.

?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? 2009 ??? ???: [46]

?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????????. ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????.

?????? ??? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? (%20) ???? ?????? ??? (%56) ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???. [47] ???? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????. [47] ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. [47]

?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? 1965. ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????. [48] ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. [49]

???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???????. [50] ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. [51]

??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??????. [52] ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????. [52] ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????. [53] ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????. [54] ???? ?????? ???????? ≪??????? ????? ??????≫ ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 500 ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????. [55]

??????? [ ??? ]

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