???

??????? ????
??? ???? ??	????? ???? ; ????
??? ??	????? ?????? ?????
????? ??????? ??	????
?????	??? ?????

????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??. ^[1] ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ^[2]^[3] ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????. ^[4]

?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????.

??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? .

????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? .
???? ??????? .
????? ?????? ????? (???????).
?????? .

??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ? 5 ????? ??:

?? ?????.
????????.
?????? ???????.
?????? ??????.
???? ??????? ?????????.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Weather. Retrieved on 2008-06-27 . "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-07-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-01-26 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
^ Glossary of Meteorology. Hydrosphere. ???? ?????? 2012-03-15 ?? Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2008-06-27 . "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-03-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-02-03 .
^ Glossary of Meteorology. Troposphere. ???? ?????? 2012-09-28 ?? Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2008-06-27 . "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-09-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-02-03 .
^ "Climate" . Glossary of Meteorology . American Meteorological Society . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-06-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-05-14 .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???

??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Weather. Retrieved on 2008-06-27 . "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-07-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-01-26 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

[2] Glossary of Meteorology. Hydrosphere. ???? ?????? 2012-03-15 ?? Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2008-06-27 . "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-03-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-02-03 .

[trop-3] Glossary of Meteorology. Troposphere. ???? ?????? 2012-09-28 ?? Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2008-06-27 . "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-09-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-02-03 .

[4] "Climate" . Glossary of Meteorology . American Meteorological Society . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-06-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-05-14 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

? ? ? ????? ???????
???? ????	???? (??????) ??? ???? ????
?????	???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? (???????) ??????? ????????? ???? ?????
???	???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???
???? ??????	??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
????	??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????
?????:????? ?????:????