한국   대만   중국   일본 
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تحتوي هذه المقالة مصطلحات أجنبية لها مقابل عربي.
?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
????? ?????? ???????

???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????. [1] ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? 90% ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? [2] ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????.

?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????-????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? 5,000 ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????.

????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????. [3] ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ? ??????????? ???????? ? ???????? ? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????.

An ORDbot Quantum 3D printer.
???? ???? video of a ??? ???? object (designed by ???? ?????. ???? ) made of ???? ??? ??????? using a ????? ?? ??? "Prusa Mendel" 3D printer for molten polymer deposition.

???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? (1960) ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? (SLA)? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ? ≪?????? ?????≫ [2] [4]

??? ?? ????? ?????? ???
????? ???????
????????
????? ????? 200
????? ??????? 1040
??? ???? 1430
??? ??????? ????? ?1440
????? ?. ?1515
??? ?????? 1642
????? ????? [??????????] 1690
????? ?????? 1772
????? ????? 1796
????? ????? ????? 1837
??? ??????? ??????? 1843
????? ??????? 1860
??????? ??????? ??? ???????? 1875
????? ?????? ???????? ???????? 1884
????? ???? 1885
????? ?????? ????? [??????????] 1889
??? ?????????? 1907
????? ?????? ???????? 1911
????? ?????? 1923
????? ????? 1925
????? ??? 1938
????? ???????? ????? 1940
????? ???? 1949
????? ?????? ????? [??????????] 1950
????? ????? ?????? 1957
????? ??????? 1969
????? ?????? ?. ?1972
??? ??? 1972
????? ????????? ??????? [??????????] 1981
????? ?????? ??????? 1986
????? ????? 1991

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? . ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? (prototype) ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? .

???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ? ??????? ? ?????????? ? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? 1993 ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????.

???? ???????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? " STL"? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? "3D MAX, Google Sketchup, Autocad … ". ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? "Slicer"? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ≪?????≫ ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? "G-Code"? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???

???????????? [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? (Algorithm Draw) ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????.

???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? (powder) ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????.

???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? (Ink-jet printing)? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? (Binders) ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????. [5]

????? ???? (Piston) ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????.

???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? (Nozzle) ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????.

????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????.

??? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????.

???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? 1000 ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? (sintering) ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????.

??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????: ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????.

??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? Vat Photopolymerisation [ ??? ]

?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ????/?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? Stereolithography (SLA)? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????.

??????? ??????? ??????? Material Extrusion [ ??? ]

FDM

?? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? PLA, ABS, PETG, TPU.

??????? ???????? ??????? Powder Bed Fusion [ ??? ]

powderbed

???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? Selective laser sintering (SLS)? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??: ??????? ???????? (????????? ???????)? ??????? ?????.

?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????: ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????????.

???????? ?? ???? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????: ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????????. [6]

??????? ???? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? (PLA, ABS) ????????? ?? ??? ≪????????????≫ ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????. ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. [6]

??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???. ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???. [6]

??? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ????????????. ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? 100 ????????? ??? 0.1 ????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????. ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? 200 ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????. [6]

3dprinting
?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????

????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? 48 ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????. [4]

?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????. [4]

???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? 400$ ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????. [4]

??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????. ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????. [4]

??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????

??????????? [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????.

??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? (cracks).

????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? (ceraprinting).

?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?[???????[]].

???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????.

?????? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????. ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????????. [7] ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????

???? ???? ??? ???? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ??? ????

??? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????. [7] ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ≪??????? ??? ?? ?? ? Replica 3dm≫? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????. [7]

???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????

?? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? 2009 ????? ??? ????? ≪???? ?? ? Novo Gen≫ ??????? ??????? ? ??? ??? 2013 ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ? ????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? .

???????? ???????? ? ????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ????? ? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ≪?????? ? Aprecia≫ ???????? ???????? .

?????? ???????? ?????? [ ??? ]

  1. ?????? ??????? : ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ≪????? 13485≫? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????. [7]
  2. ????????? ?????? ???????? : ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? : ?????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????. [7]
  3. ?????? ?????? ?????? : ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????. [7]

?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ???????

??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? - ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? - ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????. [4]

???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? 100 ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 40 ??? ????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? 3.8 ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 2004 ? 2009. [4]

????? ????????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?????? ?????? 3D

≪????? ? Urbee≫ ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ??? 2010 ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ??? ????? ≪?????? A350 XWB≫ ???? ??? ???? ?? 1000 ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. [4]

??? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ?? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????. [4]

?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????.
3D-Drucker der Bauhutte der ??????? ??????? zur Herstellung komplexer Modelle
  1. ????? ????? ???????.
  2. ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? scanning ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? . ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????.
  3. ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? 90 ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????.
  4. ???? ??????? ?????? ???????.
  5. ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????.
  6. ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????.
  7. ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????.
  8. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????.
  9. ???? ????? ????? ???.

?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

  1. ????? ?????? ????????? Selective laser sintering (SLS): ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????
  2. ????? ??????? ??????? Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM): ????? ??????
  3. Digital Light Projection (DLP): ?????? ????
  4. ?????????? ?????? Stereolithography (SL): ?????? ????
  5. ????? ????? Lamination systems : ????? ??????????
  6. ??? ???? ????????? Electron Beam Melting (EBM): ????? ??????????
  7. ????? ?????? ??????? (3DP): ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????
  8. ????? ????????? ?????? ???????: ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????

??????? ?? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? . ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????.

????????? ?? ???? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????: [8]

  1. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????.
  2. ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
  3. ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????.
  4. ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????.
  5. ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ??????.
  6. ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ???.

?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? ????? ($) ???? ??????? ???? ?????? (?????? ??) ??? ?????? (????^3) ??? ?????? (??) XY Positioning ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? (??? WDH) ????? (???) ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????
?? ?? ?????? BFB 3000 3114 320x300x200 1172 0.1 0.05 ???? ??? ???????? 68 ???? ????r 90 W (7.5 A @ 12 V)
MakerBot Industries , RepRap CupCake CNC 950 ABS Natural, Red, Green, Yellow, Blue, Pink, Black 100x100x130 80 0.34 .08 none ??????? OSX, ?????? ???? ??? ???????? none none
????? LaserCut Mendel 950ish ABS Natural, Red, Green, Yellow, Blue, Pink, Black 320x300x200 80 0.34 .08 none ??????? OSX, ?????? ???? ??? ???????? none none
????? Eiffel 300ish ABS Natural, Red, Green, Yellow, Blue, Pink, Black 80 0.34 .08 none Linux, OSX, Windows ???? ??? ???????? none none
????? ???? 500ish ABS Natural, Red, Green, Yellow, Blue, Pink, Black 320x300x200 80 0.34 .08 none ??????? OSX, ?????? ???? ??? ???????? none none
????? ????-???? 500ish ABS Natural, Red, Green, Yellow, Blue, Pink, Black 100x100x130 80 0.34 .08 none ??????? OSX, ?????? ???? ??? ???????? none none
????????? uPrint 14900 ABSPlus Ivory 203x152x152 288 0.254 Water soluble ?????? ??? ??? ?????? 7 ??????? ????? 10/100 635x660x800, 635x660x953 (with cartridge) 168, 206 (with cartridge) 100-127 VAC 50/60 Hz, minimum 15A dedicated circuit, or

220-240 VAC 50/60 Hz, minimum 7A dedicated circuit

CE / ETL / RoHS / WEEE
????????? uPrint Plus 19900 ABSPlus ivory, white, red, blue, black, gray, nectarine, florescent yellow, olive green 203x203x152 384 0.254, 0.330 Water soluble ?????? ??? ??? ?????? 7 ??????? ????? 10/100 635x660x800, 635x660x953 (with cartridge) 168, 206 (with cartridge) 100-127 VAC 50/60 Hz, minimum 15A dedicated circuit, or

220-240 VAC 50/60 Hz, minimum 7A dedicated circuit

CE / ETL / RoHS / WEEE
????????? BST 1200es 24900 ABSPlus ivory, white, red, blue, black, gray, nectarine, florescent yellow, olive green 254x254x305 1200 0.254, 0.330 ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? 10/100 838x737x1143 326 100-127 VAC 50/60 Hz, minimum 15A dedicated circuit, or

220-240 VAC 50/60 Hz, minimum 7A dedicated circuit

CE / ETL
????????? SST 1200es 32900 ABSPlus Ivory, white, red, blue, black, gray, nectarine, florescent yellow, olive green 254x254x305 1200 0.254, 0.330 Water soluble ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? 10/100 838x737x1143 326 100-127 VAC 50/60 Hz, minimum 15A dedicated circuit, or

220-240 VAC 50/60 Hz, minimum 7A dedicated circuit

CE / ETL
????????? Elite 29900 ABSPlus Ivory, white, red, blue, black, gray, nectarine, florescent yellow, olive green 203x203x305 768 0.178, 0.254 Water soluble ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? 10/100 685x914x1041 300 100-127 VAC 50/60 Hz, minimum 15A dedicated circuit, or

220-240 VAC 50/60 Hz, minimum 7A dedicated circuit

CE / ETL

???? ????? [ ??? ]

  • ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? .

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ "????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-14.
  2. ^ ? ? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? 2014 ??? ?????? ??????: http://3dprintingindustry.com/3d-printing-basics- free-beginners-guide/processes/ ???? ?????? 2019-10-01 ?? Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "Close-Up On Technology - 3D Printers Lead Growth of Rapid Prototyping - 08/04" . Ptonline.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2010-01-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-09-01 .
  4. ^ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?. ?????????? ? ?. ????? "??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????" ? ????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????? ??? 2012 ? ??? ?????? ?????? http://assets1.csc.com/innovation/downloads/LEF_20123DPrinting.pdf ???? ?????? 2018-12-23 ?? Wayback Machine
  5. ^ ?. ???? ???? ??? ??????. ?????? ???????.pdf "??????? ?????? ??????? (?????? ?????? ??????)" (PDF) . ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2013-09-21. {{ ??????? ??? }} : ???? ?? ???? |???? ?????= ( ?????? )
  6. ^ ? ? ? ? ?. ??? ? ?. ???? " ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????"? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ? 2014 ? ??? ?????? ?????? https://www.pwc.com/us/en/technology-forecast/2014/3d-printing/features/assets/pwc-3d-printing-full-series.pdf ???? ?????? 2020-10-07 ?? Wayback Machine
  7. ^ ? ? ? ? ? ? ?. ???? ? ?. ????? ? ?. ???? ? ?. ????? " ??????? ?????? ??????? : ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? " ? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? 2015 ??? ?????? ?????? : http://www.tcs.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/White%20Papers/3D-Printing-New-Opportunities-for-Medical-Device-Industry_0315-1.pdf Papers/3D-Printing-New-Opportunities-for-Medical-Device-Industry_0315-1.pdf ???? ?????? 2016-12-25 ?? Wayback Machine
  8. ^ ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? 2017-09-16 ?? Wayback Machine

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

  • ????????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
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