???? ????? ???????

?????? ??????? ????????? ( ??????????? : Wireless Local Area Network ???????? WLAN )? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? . ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? (???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? -????? ?????????????-)? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????. ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????.

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ??????? ( ??????????? : LAN )? ????? ??? ??????? IEEE 802.11 ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? 2.4, 3.6 ? 5 GHz ???? ????? ?? ???????????? ????????. ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ( ??????????? : WAN )? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? 10 ??? ???? 10000 ?????? ??? ????? Mbps. ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? .

????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????. ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????: ????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????. ^[1]

??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? (????? ??) ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1971 ???? ?? ??? 7 ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? 4 ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????. ^[2]

??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????????.??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? IEEE 802.11 ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? Wi-Fi ? ???? ??? 1991 ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????/1 ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? 1996 . ???? ??? ??????? ?????/2 ?? ????? ATM ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2000 ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? 802.11??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ? ?????/2 . ??? ??? 2009 ??? ?? ????? 802.11???? ???? ?? ?????? 2.4 ?5 ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? 600 ??????. ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? 2.4 ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? 5 ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? 2.4 ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? HomeRF ??? 1997 ?????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? (Wi-Fi and Bluetooth) ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? 2002. ^[3]

????????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? (STA)???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????:

1-???? ?????? ????????? 2- ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????.

?????? ?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? (ID) ??? ????? MAC ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????.

?????? ?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ?? ?????? ??BSS???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????

?????? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? SSID???? ???? ?? ??????32.

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? (DS) ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? (DS) ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? DS ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? WDS ?? MESH ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????????.

????? ??????? ????????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??802.11???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????:

????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????????????? ???? ????? (??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????) ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? 802.11 ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ???????:

WEP???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? Wired Equivalent Privacy ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? (WPA, WPA2, WPA3) ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????.

???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? WIFI-Protected Setup WPS ????? ???? ??? ???.

???????? ??? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? -????????-.

?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???.

???? ????? (peer to peer) [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ????? :(?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ^[4]) ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ? Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS).??????? ??????? ???????: ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????.

??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? intent value, ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????.

???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????. ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????.

??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????????.

????? (Bridge) [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????.

???? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????. IEEE 802.11

??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????????. ????? ?????? ???????? ? (?? ??) ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????. ^[5]

???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ????? ????????? ??? '???????' ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? (???? ??).

??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? (???) ?? ?????? (?? ?? ??) ??? ?? ?????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ????? (????? ?? ??) ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????.

???? ????? ??????? ??? (????? ?? ??) ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? (??? ??? ?????? ?????????). ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????.

????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????.

????????? ???? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????:

- ??????? ???????: ????? ?????? ???????? (?? ??) ?? ???? ???? ????? (?? ??) ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? 802.1 ??? ???? ?????? ?? "???").??? ????? ???? ?????? (??? ?? ??) ?? ?????? ????????. ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? (??? ???? ????? ??????? ????). ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????. ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????. ^[6]

- ??????? ???????: ????? ?? ?? (??????) ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? (????) ????? ?????? (???????). ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????.

????????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????.

???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??????. ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ? / ?? ??? ????.

???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????.

????? ???? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????. ^[7] ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????. ^[8]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ "NY Muni Wireless Network Launch in Sight" . Internet News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-11-03 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????: |????= ( ?????? )
^ "History of Wireless" . Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2007-02-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-02-17 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????: |????= ( ?????? )
^ Wayne Caswell (17 ?????? 2010). "HomeRF Archives" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-07-16 .
^ "Is this the same as Ad Hoc mode?" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-10-25.
^ Wireless Distribution System Linked Router Network DD-WRT Wiki. Retrieved December 31, 2006. ???? ?????? 30 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ "How Wi-Fi Roaming Really Works" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-10-09 .
^ "Wi-Fi: Children at risk from 'electronic smog' " . news.independent.co.uk. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-10-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-02-08 .
^ "Canadian university says no to WiFi over health concerns" . arstechnica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-09-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-02-08 .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ????? ???????

????? ?????

[1] "NY Muni Wireless Network Launch in Sight" . Internet News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-11-03 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????: |????= ( ?????? )

[2] "History of Wireless" . Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2007-02-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-02-17 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????: |????= ( ?????? )

[3] Wayne Caswell (17 ?????? 2010). "HomeRF Archives" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-07-16 .

[4] "Is this the same as Ad Hoc mode?" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-10-25.

[5] Wireless Distribution System Linked Router Network DD-WRT Wiki. Retrieved December 31, 2006. ???? ?????? 30 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[6] "How Wi-Fi Roaming Really Works" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-10-09 .

[7] "Wi-Fi: Children at risk from 'electronic smog' " . news.independent.co.uk. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-10-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-02-08 .

[8] "Canadian university says no to WiFi over health concerns" . arstechnica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-09-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-02-08 .

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[8]