????? ?????

?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
???? ????? ?? .

???????? ??????? ( ??????????? : Antique car )? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? . ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ?? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 25 ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????. [1] ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????' ??? ????? ?????? ??????' ????? ??????? ???????' ?? ??? ?? ????? '??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

??????? [ ??? ]

?????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 1801? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ??????? Puffing Devil? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? . ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ' fardier a vapeur' ?? 1770. ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? 1888 ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????.

?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ( ???????? ) ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? 1832 [2]

???????? ??????? ????????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? NY ?? 8 ???? ??? 1879? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? 5 ?????? 1895. ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????. ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??? 1893? ????? ????? 13 ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? 1894. [3]

????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ? ??????? .

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ Antique Automobile Club of America? About: A concise history of AACA in the beginning ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-10-30 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2014-06-15 .
  2. ^ EAAEV.org - The electric car ???? ?????? 03 ?????? 2010 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . [ ???? ?????? ]
  3. ^ Automobile history ???? ?????? 18 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .