???? ???? ?? ??

39°54′12″N 116°23′30″E / 39.90333°N 116.39167°E / 39.90333; 116.39167

???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ( 天安門廣場 ; 天安??? ) ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ??? 440 ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????. ^[1]^[2]^[3]

????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??? ?? 1417 ?????? ?? (???????? ???) ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????????. ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? 1651 ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? (???? ?? ??) ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????.

??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????.

????? ?? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? 1 ?????? ??? 1949 ? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????.

?? ??? 1988 ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? 44 ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????.

??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ? ????? ??? ???? ≪???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????≫.

????? [ ??? ]

^ Britannica Online version ???? ?????? 03 ???? 2015 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Wong? Jan (1997). Red China Blues . Random House. ?. 278.
^ "Tiananmen Square" . Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-08-03 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch ( ?????? ) ? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????: |????= ( ?????? )

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?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ???? ?? ??

[1] Britannica Online version ???? ?????? 03 ???? 2015 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[2] Wong? Jan (1997). Red China Blues . Random House. ?. 278.

[3] "Tiananmen Square" . Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-08-03 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch ( ?????? ) ? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????: |????= ( ?????? )

[1]

[2]

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