????? ???????

????? ???????
( ?????????? : Rudolf Moßbauer )?
??????? ?????
???????	31 ????? 1929 ; ?????
??????	14 ?????? 2011 (82 ???) ; ????????
??????	???????
??? ??	?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ‏? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????
?????? ???????
??????? ????	????? ????? ??????????? ; ????? ????? ???????
????? ??????	??????? ? ?????? ‏
???? ?????????	????? ????-??????
??????	??????? ? ?????? ????? ? ????? ????
??????	?????????
???? ?????	??????
???? ??	????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ??????????? ? ????? ?????????? ??????? ? ????? ???-???????
???????
	??????? ??????? ‏ (1988) ; ????? ????? ???????? (1986) ; ??????? ????????? ??????? (1984) ; ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? (1984) ; ??????? ?????? ????? ‏ (1974) ; ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? (1964) ; ???? ????????? ???????? (1962) ; ???? ????? ?????? ‏ (1961) ; ????? ???? ?? ???????? (1961) ; ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ; ???? ????????? ??????? ; ???? ???? ?????
	????? ????? - ?????

????? ??????? ( ?????????? : Rudolf Mossbauer ) ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? 1961 . ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? . ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? .

??? ??????? ?? 31 ????? 1929 ?????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ( ??????????? : nuclear transitions )?.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
????? ??????? ??? ???? Munzinger IBA (?????????)
????? ??????? ??? ???? NNDB people (??????????)

????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? А. М. Прохоров , ed. (1969), Большая советская энциклопедия: [в 30 т.] (????????) (3rd ed.), Москва: Большая российская энциклопедия, Мёссбауэр Рудольф Людвиг, OCLC : 14476314 , QID : Q17378135
^ ^? ^? Encyclopædia Britannica | Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer (???????????), QID : Q5375741
^ ^? ^? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie | Rudolf Ludwig Moßbauer (??????????), QID : Q237227
^ ^? ^? Gran Enciclopedia Catalana | Rudolf Mossbauer (???????????), Grup Enciclopedia, QID : Q2664168
^ ^? ^? Dalibor Brozovi?; Tomislav Ladan (1999). Hrvatska enciklopedija | Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer (??????????). Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krle?a. ISBN : 978-953-6036-31-8 . OCLC : 247866724 . OL : 120005M . QID : Q1789619 .
^ "Munchner Physik-Nobelpreistrager Moßbauer ist tot" . Bild (??????????). 21 Sep 2011.
^ https://www.pas.va/en/academicians/deceased/moessbauer.html . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ http://www.ras.ru/win/db/show_per.asp?P=.id-51311.ln-ru.dl-.pr-inf.uk-12 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ https://www.ae-info.org/ae/User/Mossbauer_Rudolf . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ Большая золотая медаль РАН имени М.В.Ломоносова (????????), Российская академия наук , QID : Q100406926
^ https://www.fi.edu/en/laureates/rudolf-l-mossbauer . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961 (???????????), Nobel Foundation , QID : Q23684016
^ "Table showing prize amounts" (PDF) (???????????). Nobel Foundation . 2019-04 . Retrieved 2021-02-03 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |publication-date= ( help )

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ???????

??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[wikidata-ddac94887b6ff5062b456ca40ca34bee81a03905-1] ? ^? А. М. Прохоров , ed. (1969), Большая советская энциклопедия: [в 30 т.] (????????) (3rd ed.), Москва: Большая российская энциклопедия, Мёссбауэр Рудольф Людвиг, OCLC : 14476314 , QID : Q17378135

[wikidata-daad35cb6506d38ee97963af90dc5fbec7986d33-2] ? ^? Encyclopædia Britannica | Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer (???????????), QID : Q5375741

[wikidata-2af491b831f592382a112070ca836e7012ddc25c-3] ? ^? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie | Rudolf Ludwig Moßbauer (??????????), QID : Q237227

[wikidata-49aa76d9412d95196b16bb842e7097dd4b28a93c-4] ? ^? Gran Enciclopedia Catalana | Rudolf Mossbauer (???????????), Grup Enciclopedia, QID : Q2664168

[wikidata-593c64c9ad4584c6059998f9a2895450e009fea7-5] ? ^? Dalibor Brozovi?; Tomislav Ladan (1999). Hrvatska enciklopedija | Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer (??????????). Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krle?a. ISBN : 978-953-6036-31-8 . OCLC : 247866724 . OL : 120005M . QID : Q1789619 .

[wikidata-64fb1df044d01f2518a15e1b9f2e2b8f77121ab8-6] "Munchner Physik-Nobelpreistrager Moßbauer ist tot" . Bild (??????????). 21 Sep 2011.

[wikidata-c530fa8d52fc8ba52bfb9327298c9b380ec4840c-7] ttps://www.pas.va/en/academicians/deceased/moessbauer.html . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-a9d04825a535383800fc8f5a0918a60b07ad34f8-8] ttp://www.ras.ru/win/db/show_per.asp?P=.id-51311.ln-ru.dl-.pr-inf.uk-12 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-3c5770ee9fa540d08fff73582dd6edd4fe842867-9] ttps://www.ae-info.org/ae/User/Mossbauer_Rudolf . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-b412f0e3552d9b86fc816b88668a70aef0ca8fc3-10] Большая золотая медаль РАН имени М.В.Ломоносова (????????), Российская академия наук , QID : Q100406926

[wikidata-4ef1bf3a0f98cb0a489cc3e40db38fb89bcfb450-11] ttps://www.fi.edu/en/laureates/rudolf-l-mossbauer . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-1fada55584180af6c58defcfb4030db73fcf0cda-12] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961 (???????????), Nobel Foundation , QID : Q23684016

[wikidata-7b05ffad7c4943f418a2699f17b160a6af465afa-13] "Table showing prize amounts" (PDF) (???????????). Nobel Foundation . 2019-04 . Retrieved 2021-02-03 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |publication-date= ( help )

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? ? ? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????????
1901?1925	?????? (1901) ?????? / ???? (1902) ?????? / ?. ???? / ?. ???? (1903) ????? (1904) ?????? (1905) ?????? (1906) ??????? (1907) ?????? (1908) ??????? / ????? (1909) ??? ??? ???? (1910) ???? (1911) ????? (1912) ???????? ???? (1913) ??? (1914) ?. ?. ???? / ?. ??. ???? (1915) ?????? (1917) ????? (1918) ????? (1919) ???? (1920) ???????? (1921) ?. ??? (1922) ??????? (1923) ??????? (1924) ????? / ???? (1925)
1926?1950	????? (1926) ??????? / ?. ?????? (1927) ?. ????????? (1928) ?? ?????? (1929) ????? (1930) ????????? (1932) ??????? / ????? (1933) ?????? (1935) ?? / ?. ??????? (1936) ??????? / ?????? (1937) ????? (1938) ????? (1939) ????? (1943) ???? (1944) ????? (1945) ??????? (1946) ?????? (1947) ?????? (1948) ?????? (1949) ????? (1950)
1951?1975	??????? / ?????? (1951) ???? / ?????? (1952) ??????? (1953) ???? / ???? (1954) ???? / ??? (1955) ????? / ?????? / ?????? (1956) ???? / ?? (1957) ??????? / ????? / ??? (1958) ????? / ???????? (1959) ????? (1960) ???????? / ??????? (1961) ?????? (1962) ????? / ?????-???? / ???? (1963) ????? / ????? / ??????? (1964) ???????? / ?????? / ??????? (1965) ?????? (1966) ???? (1967) ??????? (1968) ?????? (1969) ????? / ??? (1970) ????? (1971) ?????? / ???? / ????? (1972) ????? / ?????? / ??????? (1973) ???? / ???? (1974) ??? / ???????? / ?????? (1975)
1976?2000	????? / ???? (1976) ??????? / ??? / ??? ???? (1977) ??????? / ??????? / ?????? (1978) ????? / ???? / ??????? (1979) ?????? / ???? (1980) ???????? / ????? / ?????? (1981) ?. ?????? (1982) ??????????? / ????? (1983) ????? / ??? ??? ??? (1984) ??? ???????? (1985) ????? / ????? / ?????? (1986) ???????? / ???? (1987) ??????? / ?????? / ????????? (1988) ????? / ????? / ???? (1989) ??????? / ?????? / ????? (1990) ?? ??? (1991) ??????? (1992) ???? / ????? (1993) ???????? / ??? (1994) ???? / ????? (1995) ?? / ??????? / ?????????? (1996) ??? / ?????-?????? / ?????? (1997) ?????? / ?????? / ???? (1998) ???? / ??????? (1999) ??????? / ????? / ????? (2000)
2001?2025	?????? / ?????? / ????? (2001) ????? / ?????? / ??????? (2002) ????????? / ???????? / ???? (2003) ???? / ??????? / ?????? (2004) ?????? / ??? / ???? (2005) ???? / ???? (2006) ??? / ???????? (2007) ????? / ???????? / ???????? (2008) ??? / ???? / ???? (2009) ??? / ????????? (2010) ???????? / ??? / ????? (2011) ???? / ??????? (2012) ??????? / ???? (2013) ??????? / ????? / ???????? (2014) ?????? / ????????? (2015) ?????? / ??????? / ????????? (2016) ???? / ????? / ???? (2017) ????? / ???? / ???? ????????? (2018) ????? / ????? / ????? (2019) ????? / ????? / ??? (2020) ?????? / ??????? / ?????? (2021) ????? / ????? / ????????? (2022) ????? / ????? / ???????? (2023)