???

??????? ????
??? ???? ??	??? ?????? ; ??? ???
??? ??	????? ????? ???
???? ?? ?????	??? ?????? ; ??????
??? ??????	???????? ???????
???????	???? ??? ; MC (en)
??????	????? ????

????? ( ??????????? : Rap )? (??? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ^[2]) ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????????. ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????. ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? .

?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? (??? ???? ?????? ?????) ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????.

?? ??? ???????: ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ≪????≫ ??? ????? ?????? ??? . ???? RAP ?? ?????? ????? "Rhythm And Poetry" ??????? ???? ≪??????? ??????≫ ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? . ^[3]

?????? ????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????.

??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ≪???? ???????≫? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????. ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? (???? ?????) ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? (Spoonie Gee)? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? Big Daddy Kane, Heavy D, and LL Cool J.

?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ? Public Enemy ?KRS One ? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????.

????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? Schoolly D ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????? Ice-T ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? "playa" ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????. ????????? ??? (Gangsta rap) ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??.?????.?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????.

??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? .

??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? (Five Percent Nation) ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????. ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???? ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????.

????? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? DJ ????? ??? ?????? " Master of Ceremonies " ?? MC ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? Rap. ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????????. ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? Run-D.M.C? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????. ^[4]

?????? ????? [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ≪??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????≫? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????. ^[5]

?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????. Gil Scott-Heron ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? The Revolution Will Not Be Televised ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? DJ ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? 1989 ??? ??? ≪?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????≫. ????? Coke La Rock ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????. ^[6] ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????

???? ???? [ ??? ]

?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ( 1979 - 1987 ) ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ^[7]? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? Run?D.M.C ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???\??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? raising hell ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? lyrics ?? ???????.

?????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? Rapture. ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? LL cool J? Run-D.M.C? Public enemy ??? ??? ??????? Eric B. & Rakim. ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? Yo! Bum Rush the Show ?? ???? Public enemy. ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ? N.W.A ??? ?????? ? Niggaz with attitude ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ? N.W.A. and the Posse ??????? ? Niggaz4Life. ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ????? N.W.A ?? ?????? ????? ?? old school ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???-?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????.

Melle Mel ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???? (The Furious Five) ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????. ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????.

?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? (Battle rap) ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? (east coast) ??????? ??????? ?????? (west coast) ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???.

?? ????? ????????? ????? NWA ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? Death Row Records ?? ??? 1991 .

?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ??? .

?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? 75 ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? .

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? (2000 - 2010) ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ≪?? ?????≫ ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? 50 ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? .

????? ???? ???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???.

???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????. ^{[
????? ?????
]}

???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ≪????? ??? ???≫ ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ≪?????? ????≫. ^[8]

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? (alternative rap)
???? (screw)
???? (crunk)
??? ???????? (gangsta rap)
?? ??? (G-funk)
??????? ??? (hardcore rap)
??? ??? (pop rap)
??? ??? (rapcore)
????? ??? (reggaeton)
???? ?????? (UnderGround)
????? ????? (freestyle)
???? ???? (old school)
??? ???? (mid west)
???? (epic)

????? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????:

?????? ( ??????????? : Flow )?: ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????: ??? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ( ??????????? : Rhyme Scheme) ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. ^[9]

??????? ( ??????????? : Delivery )?: ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????.

?????? ?? ??????? ( ??????????? : Concept/Lyrical Content )?: ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????.

??????? ??????? ( ??????????? : Lyrical Complexity )?: ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? (??????) ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ( ??????????? : Word Play) ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???????.

????? [ ??? ]

^ ??????: 10 ???? 2019 .
^ Duneier, Kasinitz, Murphy (2014). The Urban Ethnography Reader . Oxford University Press. ISBN : 0199743576 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )
^ "RAP" . The Free Dictionary . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-01-15.
^ "the roots of rap" . time. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2005-11-17.
^ "Rap returns home to Africa" . BBC NEWS. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-16.
^ "The Roots of Rap" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-04.
^ "Old-School Rap" . Allmusic. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-03-07.
^ "?????? ????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-13.
^ "What is Rap Flow and How to Make it Better" . rappingmanual.com (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2018-08-13 . Retrieved 2018-03-12 .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???

[6ddf1dd1347ed2188952097b255019c357e00e28-1] ??????: 10 ???? 2019 .

[2] Duneier, Kasinitz, Murphy (2014). The Urban Ethnography Reader . Oxford University Press. ISBN : 0199743576 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )

[3] "RAP" . The Free Dictionary . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-01-15.

[4] "the roots of rap" . time. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2005-11-17.

[5] "Rap returns home to Africa" . BBC NEWS. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-16.

[6] "The Roots of Rap" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-04.

[7] "Old-School Rap" . Allmusic. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-03-07.

[8] "?????? ????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-13.

[9] "What is Rap Flow and How to Make it Better" . rappingmanual.com (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2018-08-13 . Retrieved 2018-03-12 .

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????? ?????

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