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?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????

????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? (??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????). ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????.

????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????

????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? "Integration of the Armed Forces 1940-1969" (??? ?????? ??????? 1940-1969) ?????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ???????? ::

...??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? . ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ≪????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????≫? [1] ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ??????? ??? - ??? ???? ??????? - ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????.

????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????. ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????. ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ≪????? ??????? ????????≫ ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????. [1]

???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??????: "???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ? "?????? ???????? ??????? ???????." [2] ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? "????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? [?? ??? ????? ??? ????????? - ???????. ] ?? ?????????... ?...?????? ?? ??? ??????". ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? 1997: "?? ????? ≪????? ??????? ????????≫ ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????/????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????. ??? ????? "????? ??????"? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? - ??? ?? ?? ???? - ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????." [3]

?? ???? By the Color of Our Skin (??? ??? ??????) (1999) ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? - ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? - ??? ?? ??? ≪... ???? ??????????... ??????????[] ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????. ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? - ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? - ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????.≫ ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????: ≪???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????.≫ ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? America in Black and White (?????? ??????? ???????) ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????:

???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????. ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???: ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???. ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? [ ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ] ???????? ≪??? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????.≫ [4]

??? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ?? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ≪??? ???? ???? ???????≫ [5] ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ? ?? ???? [6] ???? ???? ??????? ??????? [7] ?? ??? ?????? ??????? . [8] ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ≪????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????≫ ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? [9] [10] ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????. [6]

???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? - ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? - ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

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  1. ^ ? ? Morris J. MacGregor, Jr. Integration of the Armed Forces 1940-1965 , ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? , Washington D.C. (1985). The linked copy is on the Army's official site. The Handlin quote is footnoted within the MacGregor piece as Oscar Handlin, "The Goals of Integration", Daedalus 95 (Winter 1966): 270. ???? ?????? 16 ?????? 2014 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . [ ???? ?????? ]
  2. ^ Keith M. Woods, Disentangling Desegregation Discourse , Poynter Online, February 3, 2004. Accessed March 26, 2006. ???? ?????? 03 ?????? 2009 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . [ ???? ?????? ]
  3. ^ Henry Organ, The true definition of integration , Palo Alto Weekly , August 13, 1997. Accessed March 26, 2006. ???? ?????? 17 ?????? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  4. ^ Michael W. Lynch By the Color of Our Skin: The Illusion of Integration and the Reality of Race (book review), Reason , December 1999. Accessed March 26, 2006. ???? ?????? 21 ???? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  5. ^ [1] Google search for "court-ordered integration". "court-ordered+integration"&num=20&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&safe=off&gws_rd=ssl ???? ?????? 11 ???? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  6. ^ ? ? Ron French, Brad Heath, and Christine MacDonald, Metro classrooms remain separate, often unequal , Detroit News , May 16, 2004. Accessed March 26, 2006. ???? ?????? 2023-05-05 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  7. ^ Timeline of George Wallace's Life , PBS. Accessed March 26, 2006. ???? ?????? 6 ????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-07-04 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  8. ^ Eisenhower (part 4), MSN Encarta. 0_0Accessed March 26, 2006. ???? ?????? 10 20?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  9. ^ The Evolution of Brown v. Board of Education , part of Beyond Brown , PBS. Accessed March 26, 2006. ???? ?????? 08 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  10. ^ President Kennedy Expresses Outrage at Alabama Deaths (sidebar), MSN Encarta. (Premium content.) Accessed March 26, 2006. ???? ?????? 11 20?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .