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????? ?????????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ (1991) ????? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ (1997) ????? ???? ?? ???????? (2005) ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? (2006) ???? ?????? (2014)
???????
??????	?????? ?????? ^[1]


????? ????? - ?????

?????? ??????? ??? ??? 1932? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? MIT-??????? ?????? ????? ??????? . ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ^[2] ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? 2005 ^[3]? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? 2007? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? 2014. ^[4] ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? 2006 ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? 1953 ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? 1955 ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? 1959. ^[5]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ?????????? ???????? ?????? ? OL : 1180173A ? QID : Q188771
^ MIT Department of Physics ???? ?????? 08 ???? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Kleppner awarded international Wolf Prize for physics | MIT News ???? ?????? 30 ????? 2013 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ [1] ^{[
???? ??????
]} ???? ?????? 12 ????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Daniel Kleppner ^{[
???? ??????
]} ???? ?????? 12 ????? 2014 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

? ? ? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????????
??? 1970	??? ????? ?? (1978) ???? ??????? / ?????? ????????? (1979)
??? 1980	????? ???? / ??? ??????? / ????? ?????? (1980) ?????? ?????? / ?????? ???? / ?????? ??????? (1981) ???? ??????? / ????? ???? (1982) ????? ??? / ???? ???? / ?????? ?????? (1983?84) ?????? ????? / ????? ?????? (1984?85) ????? ???????? / ????? ??????? (1986) ????? ??????? / ????? ???? / ??????? ??????? (1987) ???? ????? / ????? ?????? (1988)
??? 1990	???? ?? ??? / ????? ?????? (1990) ????? ???? ???? / ??????? ????? (1991) ????? ????? (1992) ????? ????????? (1993) ?????? ???????? / ???????? ????? (1994?95) ??? ????????? ???? (1996?97) ????? ???????? / ????? ???? (1998) ?????? ??????? (1999)
??? 2000	?????? ????? / ???????? ?????? (2000) ??????? ??????? / ?????? ???? (2002?03) ????? ???? / ?????? ??????? / ???? ???? (2004) ?????? ?????? (2005) ????? ??? / ???? ???????? (2006?07)
??? 2010	??? ????? / ???? ????? / ????? ????????? (2010) ??????????? ???? / ?????? ??? / ???? ?????? (2011) ????? ?????????? (2012) ???? ????? / ??????? ???????? (2013) ???? ?????? / ????? ?????? (2015) ???? ???? (2016) ????? ????? / ?????? ????? (2017) ?????? ??? ????? / ????? ??????? (2018)
??? 2020	???? ????????? / ????? ?????? ?????? / ???? ??? ????????? (2020) ?????? ?????? (2021) ?? ????? / ??? ????? / ?????? ????? (2022)
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