?????

??????? ????
???? ?? ?????	????? ???????
????? ???????	ca. (?????????? ??????) ; ca. (?????????? ??????) ; ?. (???????????)

????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ^[1]^[2]

??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? (1162?18 ????? 1227)"? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? 1162?. ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????. ^[3] ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????.

????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? (????? 1940 ? 1945 ? 1950 ? 1955 ).
???? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? (????? 1720 ? 1730 ? 1740 ? 1750 ).
???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? (????, 1250 ? 1275 ? 1300 ? 1325 ).
????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? (????? 150 ? 200 ? 250 ? 300 ).
?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???.

??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? (Circa) (??? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? . c ?? ca ?? cca ??? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ) ????? (?????? "?????").

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Dictionnaire latin francais , de Felix Gaffiot ???? ?????? 21 ?????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ "circa" . Dictionary.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-07-16 .
^ Circa | Definition of Circa by Merriam-Webster ???? ?????? 17 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

????? ???????

????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

???? ??? ?? ?????.

??? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] Dictionnaire latin francais , de Felix Gaffiot ???? ?????? 21 ?????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[2] "circa" . Dictionary.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-07-16 .

[3] Circa | Definition of Circa by Merriam-Webster ???? ?????? 17 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[1]

[2]

[3]