??? ?????

????? ??????? ( ?????????? : Triumvirate ) ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????. ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????.

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? triumviri ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? triumviri capitales ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? 290 ?287 ? ?? ^[1] ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? . ^[2] ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ^[3] ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ^[4]

??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ^[5] ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? Triumviri mensarii ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ^[6] ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 216 ? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? . ^[7] ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? tresviri epulones ? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? 196 ? ? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????. ^[8]

???? - ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? - ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? . ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????:

????? ??????? ????? : ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? - ??? ??? ?????? - ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? . ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? 53 ? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? .
????? ??????? ?????? : ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? . ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ( tresviri rei publicae constituendae )? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???. ^[9] ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????.

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Livy, Periocha 11.
^ Triumviri or tresviri nocturni may be another name or nickname for the capitales , because their duties often pertained to the streets at night.
^ Andrew Lintott, Violence in Republican Rome (Oxford University Press, 1999, 2nd ed.), p. 102 online. ???? ?????? 2013-06-03 ?? Wayback Machine
^ John E. Stambaugh, The Ancient Roman City (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988), p. 347, note 4 online and p. 348, note 13; O.F. Robinson, Ancient Rome: City Planning and Administration (Routledge, 1994), p. 105 online. "The+praetor+urbanus+supervised+the+triumviri+capitales"&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=0 ???? ?????? 2013-06-03 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Andrew Lintott, The Constitution of the Roman Republic (Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 12 and 95 online. ???? ?????? 2013-06-03 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Jean Andreau, Banking and Business in the Roman World (Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 115 online. ???? ?????? 2013-06-03 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Rachel Feig Vishnia, State, Society, and Popular Leaders in Mid-Republican Rome, 241-167 B.C. (Routledge, 1996), p. 86ff. online. ???? ?????? 2017-02-05 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ????? ?????? 33.42.1; Vishnia, State, Society, and Popular Leaders , p. 171; ?????? ???? , Rome, the Greek World, and the East (University of North Caroline Press, 2002), p. 122 online ; Lintott, Constitution , p. 184. ???? ?????? 2017-02-05 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Christopher Pelling, "The Triumviral Period," in The Cambridge Ancient History (Cambridge University Press, 1996, 2nd ed.), vol. 10, p. 1 online. ???? ?????? 2017-02-05 ?? Wayback Machine

[1] Livy, Periocha 11.

[2] Triumviri or tresviri nocturni may be another name or nickname for the capitales , because their duties often pertained to the streets at night.

[3] Andrew Lintott, Violence in Republican Rome (Oxford University Press, 1999, 2nd ed.), p. 102 online. ???? ?????? 2013-06-03 ?? Wayback Machine

[4] John E. Stambaugh, The Ancient Roman City (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988), p. 347, note 4 online and p. 348, note 13; O.F. Robinson, Ancient Rome: City Planning and Administration (Routledge, 1994), p. 105 online. "The+praetor+urbanus+supervised+the+triumviri+capitales"&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=0 ???? ?????? 2013-06-03 ?? Wayback Machine

[5] Andrew Lintott, The Constitution of the Roman Republic (Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 12 and 95 online. ???? ?????? 2013-06-03 ?? Wayback Machine

[6] Jean Andreau, Banking and Business in the Roman World (Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 115 online. ???? ?????? 2013-06-03 ?? Wayback Machine

[7] Rachel Feig Vishnia, State, Society, and Popular Leaders in Mid-Republican Rome, 241-167 B.C. (Routledge, 1996), p. 86ff. online. ???? ?????? 2017-02-05 ?? Wayback Machine

[8] ????? ?????? 33.42.1; Vishnia, State, Society, and Popular Leaders , p. 171; ?????? ???? , Rome, the Greek World, and the East (University of North Caroline Press, 2002), p. 122 online ; Lintott, Constitution , p. 184. ???? ?????? 2017-02-05 ?? Wayback Machine

[9] Christopher Pelling, "The Triumviral Period," in The Cambridge Ancient History (Cambridge University Press, 1996, 2nd ed.), vol. 10, p. 1 online. ???? ?????? 2017-02-05 ?? Wayback Machine

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]