??? ?????? ?????

??? ?????? ?????
( ??????????? : John Quincy Adams )?
?????
??? ???? ?????? ????????
	?? ?????? ; 4 ???? 1803 ? 4 ???? 1805
	??????? ?????
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	?? ?????? ; 4 ???? 1805 ? 4 ???? 1807
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	??? ???? ?????? ; 4 ???? 1807 ? 8 ????? 1808
???? ????????	???????? ???????? ???10 ‏
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	?? ?????? ; 28 ????? 1814 ? 22 ?????? 1817
	??????? ????? ??????? ???
???? ???????? ???????? (8 )
	?? ?????? ; 22 ?????? 1817 ? 4 ???? 1825
	??????? ??? ?????? ?????
?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? (6 )
	?? ?????? ; 9 ?????? 1825 ? 4 ???? 1825
????? ??	???????? ??????? ????????? 1824
	???? ????? ????? ??????
???? ???????? ??????? (6 )
	?? ?????? ; 4 ???? 1825 ? 4 ???? 1829
????? ??	???????? ??????? ????????? 1824
	???? ????? ????? ??????
??????? ?????
??? ???????	( ??????????? : John Quincy Adams )?
???????	11 ????? 1767 ; ???????
??????	23 ?????? 1848 (80 ???) ; ???? ???????? ????????
??? ??????	??? ???
???????	??????????
??????	???????? ??????? ; ?????? ??????????
?????	171 ???????
??? ??	??????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ???? ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ‏
??????	????? ????? (26 ????? 1797?23 ?????? 1848)
???????	????? ; ???? ?????? ????? ; ??? ????? (???) ; ?????? ?????? ????? ; ????? ????? (???? ??? ?? ?????)
??? ???????	4
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???? ??????	?????? ????? ???? ‏? ??????? ????? ‏? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ‏
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??????? ????	????? ??????? ; ????? ????? ; ???? ???????
??????	????? ? ?????? ? ????????? ? ???? ???? ? ????? ?????? ? ?????
?????	????????? (1792- 1808) ; ???????? (1830-1834) ; ?? ????????? (1834-1838) ; ?????? (1838-1848)
????? ????	??????????
??????	?????????? ? ????????? ? ?????????? ? ?????????? ? ?????????? ? ??????????
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	????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ; ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????
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	????? ????? - ?????

??? ?????? ????? ( 11 ????? 1767 - 23 ?????? 1848 )? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? 1825 ??? 1829 ? (??????: ???? ????? ??????????? Quincy (??????) ???? ???? ?????? )? ??? ?????? ???? ???? (??? ??????) ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ????????-???????? ???? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????.?? ??? 1802 ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????.

??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????.

?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????. ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? 1828.??? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????.

??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? 12 ????? ?.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? 1767? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? . ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ? ???? ??????? ????????. ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ≪??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????≫. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??????. ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ????? ????? ???????? . ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? . ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???. ??? ??? 1785 ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????? . ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????.

????? ?????? ?????????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? (1794-1797)? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? (1797-1801). ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? Johnson? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? (Louisa)? ???? ?????? ??? 1797. ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????. ??? ??? 1801? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????.

??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? (1803-1809) ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? 1803? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ????.

??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? (1809-1814) ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? 1812. ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????. ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? (1815-1817) ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????. ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???????? (1817-1825) ??? ???? ???? ????? (James Monroe)? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????. ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ≪????? ?????≫ (Monroe Doctrine)? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????.

??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? (1803-1809) ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? 1803? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ????.

??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? (1809-1814) ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? 1812. ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????. ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????.

????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? (1815-1817) ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????. ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????.

????? ?????? ???????? (1817-1825) ??? ???? ???? ????? (James Monroe)? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????. ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ≪????? ?????≫ (Monroe Doctrine)? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????.

???? ???????? (1817-1825) [ ??? ]

??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? 1817 ??? 1825. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? 1812? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? 1812. ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???????. ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? 1820. ^[7]

???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????: ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ^[8] ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? . ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????. ^[9] ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??. ????????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????. ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? 1824. ^[10]

???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???? 1812 ?? ?????? ???. ?? 1817? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? 1818? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????. ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????????. ^[11]

?????? ????? ????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ^[12] ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? 1818? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ????????. ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????. ??? ???????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????????. ^[13]

????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? (1825-1828) [ ??? ]

???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???. ???? ????? ?????? (Andrew Johnson)? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????. ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????.

????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? (1830-1848) ??? ??? 1830? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? 12 ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????. ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????. ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? 18 ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????. ??? 23 ?????? ??? 1848? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????: ≪??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????≫? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? NNDB people (??????????)

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (???????????), United States Government Publishing Office , 1903, QID : Q1150348
^ https://history.house.gov/Blog/2019/February/2-26_JQA_lasthours/ . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-12-13 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ ??? ????? (1835). "Адамсъ". Энциклопедический лексикон. Том 1, 1835 (????????). 1 : 172. QID : Q26238000 .
^ http://www.masshist.org/jqadiaries/php/ . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-07-17 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ Charles Dudley Warner , ed. (1897), Library of the World's Best Literature (???????????), QID : Q19098835
^ https://www.amacad.org/sites/default/files/media/document/2019-10/electionIndex1780-1799.pdf . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ Cooper 2017 ? ????? 147?148.
^ Cooper 2017 ? ????? 153?154.
^ Cooper 2017 ? ????? 151?152.
^ Cooper 2017 ? ????? 154?155.
^ Remini 2002 ? ????? 48, 51?53.
^ Kaplan 2014 ? ????? 321?22.
^ Howe 2007 ? ???? 106

1- Samuel Flagg Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Ploicy, Knopf, New York, 1949.

2- Adriene Koch and William Peden, eds., Selected Writings of Jon and John Quincy Adams, Knopf, New York, 1946.

3- Samuel Flagg Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Union, Knopf, New York, 1956.

4- Marie B. Hecht, John Quincy Adams: A Personal History of An Independent Man, Macmillan, New York, 1972.

5- Graham Stuart, The Department of State, Macmillan, New York, 1949.

6- Henry Steele Commager, ed., Documents of American History, Doc. No. 130, Crofts, New York, 1945.

7- Freeman Cleaves, Old Tippecanoe, William Henry Harrison and His Time, Port Washington, Kennikat Press, New York, 1969.

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ??? ?????? ?????

[wikidata-2414b67e22e1df12f9c89bc4fb6cb9c0698c2f40-1] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (???????????), United States Government Publishing Office , 1903, QID : Q1150348

[wikidata-36091578bed6539bda047738dd399c9f9909c41f-2] ttps://history.house.gov/Blog/2019/February/2-26_JQA_lasthours/ . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-12-13 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-767368018bb3c70090a7a2b75396c23c2884cb39-3] ??? ????? (1835). "Адамсъ". Энциклопедический лексикон. Том 1, 1835 (????????). 1 : 172. QID : Q26238000 .

[wikidata-cf798bcf81b659ec4af3bfe6d57893796c2bd159-4] ttp://www.masshist.org/jqadiaries/php/ . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-07-17 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-17719537c93d3b75709dc5a408afd9a5d3cd7899-5] Charles Dudley Warner , ed. (1897), Library of the World's Best Literature (???????????), QID : Q19098835

[wikidata-1277b08b5e423abf7cda29824f2c4cebe0630abf-6] ttps://www.amacad.org/sites/default/files/media/document/2019-10/electionIndex1780-1799.pdf . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[7] Cooper 2017 ? ????? 147?148.

[8] Cooper 2017 ? ????? 153?154.

[9] Cooper 2017 ? ????? 151?152.

[10] Cooper 2017 ? ????? 154?155.

[11] Remini 2002 ? ????? 48, 51?53.

[Kaplan_2014_pages=321–22-12] Kaplan 2014 ? ????? 321?22.

[13] Howe 2007 ? ???? 106

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[13]

? ? ? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????????
Class 1	Tristram Dalton ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? (?????) ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? (?????) ???????? ??? Eli P. Ashmun Prentiss Mellen ?????? ???. ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? Robert Rantoul Jr. ?????? ????? ?????? ??. ??????? ???? ??. ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??. ????? David I. Walsh ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?. ???? ?????? ^[??????????] ?????? ?????? ???? ??. ???? ???? ????? (?????) ???????? ????
Class 2	????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? Joseph Bradley Varnum ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? (?????) Nathaniel Silsbee ??? ????? ????? ??. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? George S. Boutwell ???? ?????? ??? Winthrop M. Crane ??? ???? David I. Walsh ??????? ???. ????? Marcus A. Coolidge ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? Leverett Saltonstall ?????? ???? Paul Tsongas ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????

? ? ? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? (1817?1825)
???? ????????	??????? ??? (1817) ??? ?????? ????? (1817?1825)
???? ???????	?????? ? ???????? (1817?1825)
???? ?????	??? ?????? (1817?1825)
?????? ?????	??????? ??? (1817) ????? ???? (1817?1825)
?????? ????? ???????	??????? ?????? ??????????? (1817?1818) ???? ?????? (1819?1823) Samuel L. Southard (1823?1825)

? ? ? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? (1825?1829)
???? ????????	???? ???? (1825?1829)
???? ???????	??????? ??? (1825?1829)
???? ?????	???? ????? (1825?1828) ???? ???? ????? (1828?1829)
?????? ?????	????? ???? (1825?1829)
?????? ????? ???????	Samuel L. Southard (1825?1829)