??????? ?????? ????

??????? ?????? ????
??????? ?????
??? ???????	( ?????????? : Gustavo Adolfo Claudio Dominguez y Bastida )?
???????	17 ?????? 1836 ; ???????
??????	22 ?????? 1870 (34 ???) ; ?????
??? ??????	?? ? ?????
??????	???????
?????? ???????
????? ??????	Gustavo Adolfo Becquer
?????? ???????	???????? ? ?????? ? ??? ??? ??????????
??????	???? ??? ????? ? ????? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ????? ‏? ?????
??????	?????????
??????	???????? ? ?????? ? ??? ??? ??????????
???????
???????
IMDB	????? ??? IMDB
	????? ?????
	????? ????? - ?????

??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ( 17 ?????? 1836 - 22 ?????? 1870 )? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? (????? ????????: [?us?taβo a?ðolfo ?βeke?]) ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? (????? ????? ?? ??????)? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ? ?????? ?? ????? . ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? . ^[9] ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????. ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? . ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? Rimas y leyendas. ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????.

?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? . ???? ????? ???? - ???? ????? ???? ????? - ???????? ??????? ^[10] ????? ^[11] ???????? ????? . ^[12]

????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? 1836 ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????. ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????.

???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????: ??? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? 6 ????? ???. ??? Young Gustavo ?????? ?? ????? San Antonio Abad? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? San Telmo ?? ??? 1846? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????. ??? ????? ?? Campillo ???? ??? Becquer ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? San Telmo. ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????. ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? 1850 ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????. ??? Gustavo ?? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? Joaquin ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? Valeriano? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????. ??? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????. ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????.

?? ??? 1853? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????. ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???. ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????.

?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ????. ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ??? 1854? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????: "????? ??????? ?????????". ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? "??????? ???????" ?? "Heine del Intermezzo" ??????? Eulogio Florentino ?? ???????.

???? ?????? ?? 22 ?????? 1870 ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? "????? ?????????" ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????.

??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 1855? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????. ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???.

??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? 1860. ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? (????? ????? ???????)? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 1857. ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? 1857 ? 1858? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????.

?? ??? 1861? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? 1861. ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? (?? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??)? ?? ??? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????. ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? (??? ?? ????? ?? ???? LIII ???????) ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?????: ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????.

?? ??? 1865? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? El Contemporaneo ? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? El Museo Universal ? Los Tiempos ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? El Contemporaneo . ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? (????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????) ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? El Contemporaneo ? Los Tiempos ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ? ???? ???????? ????? . ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 1868. ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? "??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????". ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? (???????) ? Libro de los gorriones (???? ????????)? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ? ( ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1868)? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? 1868? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ??? 1869? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? El Museo global? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? La ilustracion de Madrid . ????? Valeriano ????? ?? ??? ???????. ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? 1868 ? 1869? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? Los Borbones en pelotas .

?? ??? 1870? ??? ????????? ????? ?? 23 ??????. ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? 22 ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? ????: ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? "Acordaos de mis ninos" ("???? - ?? ????? - ??????". )

?? ?????? ????? ??? El Rayo de Luna ? El Beso ? La Rosa de Pasion ? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? . ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ????: Cartas desde mi Celda - ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? - ?? La Mujer de Piedra ?? ????????? ??????? La novia y el pantalon . ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? 27 ? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? .

??????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???. ?? ????? ???? ????? 77 ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? Luis Cernuda: `` ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????: ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???. . . ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????: ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? .

Birds are a motif that shows up frequently in Becquer's canon, such as in "Rima LIII" (Rhyme 53), where swallows appear as a sign of the end to a passionate relationship.

Volveran las oscuras golondrinas
En tu balcon sus nidos a colgar
Y otra vez con el ala a sus cristales,
Jugando llamaran.

Pero aquellas que el vuelo refrenaban
Tu hermosura y mi dicha a contemplar,
Aquellas que aprendieron nuestros nombres,
¡Esas... no volveran!

The dark swallows will return
to hang their nests upon your balcony.
And once more with their wings to its windows,
Playing, they will call.

But the ones that used to slow their flight
to behold your beauty and my bliss,
The ones, that learned our names,
Those... will not return!

Volveran las oscuras golondrinas
En tu balcon sus nidos a colgar
Y otra vez con el ala a sus cristales,
Jugando llamaran.

Pero aquellas que el vuelo refrenaban
Tu hermosura y mi dicha a contemplar,
Aquellas que aprendieron nuestros nombres,
¡Esas... no volveran!

The dark swallows will return
to hang their nests upon your balcony.
And once more with their wings to its windows,
Playing, they will call.

But the ones that used to slow their flight
to behold your beauty and my bliss,
The ones, that learned our names,
Those... will not return!

????? "Esas ... no volveran!" ???? ?? ??????? ??????? Yo-Yo Boing! ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????.In Rhymes (Rhyme 21) Becquer wrote one of the most famous poems in the Spanish language. The poem can be read as a response to a lover who asked what was poetry:

¿Que es poesia?, dices mientras clavas
en mi pupila tu pupila azul.
¡Que es poesia! ¿Y tu me lo preguntas?
Poesia... eres tu.

What is poetry? you ask, while fixing
your blue pupil on mine.
What is poetry! And you are asking me?
Poetry... is you.

¿Que es poesia?, dices mientras clavas
en mi pupila tu pupila azul.
¡Que es poesia! ¿Y tu me lo preguntas?
Poesia... eres tu.

What is poetry? you ask, while fixing
your blue pupil on mine.
What is poetry! And you are asking me?
Poetry... is you.

The Legends ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? (??????)? ??? The Mount of the Souls ? The Green Eyes ? The Rose of the Passion ( ????? ????? ) ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? la Guardia ? The Miserere (????? ?????) . ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??? The Moonlight Ray ? Three Dates . ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? "Narraciones"? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? "Memorias de un Pavo" (?????? ?????) ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????. ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????.

????? ????? ?????. "Gustavo Adolfo Becquer: vida y poesia". 2da ??. ?????: Gredos? 1964.
????? ????? ?. "Las rimas de Becquer: su modernidad". 1ra ??. ?????: Pliegos? 1988.
??????????? ???????. "Becquer: Biografia e imagen". ???????: RM? 1977.
Carlos BOUSONO? "Las pluralidades paralelisticas en Becquer"? en ALONSO? Damaso y BOUSONO? Carlos? Seis calas en la expresion Literaria espanola? Madrid? Gredos? 1951.
??????? ?????? "La poesia de Becquer: El tiempo de los objetos o los espacios en la luz"? Universidad Estatal de Nueva York-Stony Brook? 1981.
????? ??? ?????????? "???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????"? ??????? ????????? 21? (3)? 1980.
William Samuel Hendrix? "From the Spanish of Gustavo Becquer"? Hispania? California? V? 1922.
????? ?????? ??????????? "Garcilaso de la Vega y la Critica Literaria de Luis Cernuda". El Colegio de Mexico.

????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? | Gustavo Adolfo Becquer ? QID : Q523660
^ ^? ^? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie | Gustavo Adolfo Becquer (??????????), QID : Q237227
^ ^? ^? Gran Enciclopedia Catalana | Gustavo Adolfo Becquer (???????????), Grup Enciclopedia, QID : Q2664168
^ ^? ^? Proleksis enciklopedija | Gustavo Adolfo Becquer (??????????), QID : Q3407324
^ ????? ?????? ??????? ? QID : Q10855166
^ http://cultura.elpais.com/cultura/2014/05/31/actualidad/1401537420_686487.html . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-05-30 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ Charles Dudley Warner , ed. (1897), Library of the World's Best Literature (???????????), QID : Q19098835
^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0126722/ . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-07-10 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ "´Becquer es el escritor mas leido despues de Cervantes´" . La Provincia. Diario de las Palmas (??????????). 28 Jul 2011. Archived from the original on 2023-01-20 . Retrieved 2018-02-22 .
^ Rubio Jimenez? Jesus (26 ????? 2011). La fama postuma de Gustavo Adolfo y Valeriano Becquer . ????? ?????? . ?. 12. ISBN : 9788415031666 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-01-20.
^ Magallanes Latas, Fernando. Actualidad de Goethe (PDF) (??????????). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-01-20.
^ "Life & works of Gustavo Adolfo Becquer" . Classical Spanish Books . 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-01-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-02-22 .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????
???? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ?????????
?????? Gustavo Adolfo Becquer ?? ????? ???????
Works by or about Gustavo Adolfo Becquer
????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? </img>
????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? 2007-12-23 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . ...
????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????. (????? ???????????) ??

??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? IMDb (??????????)
??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? MusicBrainz (??????????)
??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? Discogs (??????????)
??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? (??????????)

??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????:

??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? .

[wikidata-c3fcfc89021833ef65a9d7983e74e04617593d9c-1] ? ^? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? | Gustavo Adolfo Becquer ? QID : Q523660

[wikidata-6903ddf1fb4b4f407ed7655ff450545578a2f949-2] ? ^? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie | Gustavo Adolfo Becquer (??????????), QID : Q237227

[wikidata-d63b11cee3c019be47ec0ef64d6fa76106f85eef-3] ? ^? Gran Enciclopedia Catalana | Gustavo Adolfo Becquer (???????????), Grup Enciclopedia, QID : Q2664168

[wikidata-7feb97cbc2766495ac6199cdeae1b3a8082cdcf0-4] ? ^? Proleksis enciklopedija | Gustavo Adolfo Becquer (??????????), QID : Q3407324

[wikidata-8d13285a6132cffb6fbc2c459721df01ff353536-5] ????? ?????? ??????? ? QID : Q10855166

[wikidata-984e5095843b7f73ecc25f606d95ac9dd1b7f64a-6] ttp://cultura.elpais.com/cultura/2014/05/31/actualidad/1401537420_686487.html . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-05-30 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-17719537c93d3b75709dc5a408afd9a5d3cd7899-7] Charles Dudley Warner , ed. (1897), Library of the World's Best Literature (???????????), QID : Q19098835

[wikidata-0b9549b4b007312047a0dcaae76474f236b0518a-8] ttp://www.imdb.com/name/nm0126722/ . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-07-10 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[9] "´Becquer es el escritor mas leido despues de Cervantes´" . La Provincia. Diario de las Palmas (??????????). 28 Jul 2011. Archived from the original on 2023-01-20 . Retrieved 2018-02-22 .

[10] Rubio Jimenez? Jesus (26 ????? 2011). La fama postuma de Gustavo Adolfo y Valeriano Becquer . ????? ?????? . ?. 12. ISBN : 9788415031666 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-01-20.

[11] Magallanes Latas, Fernando. Actualidad de Goethe (PDF) (??????????). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-01-20.

[12] "Life & works of Gustavo Adolfo Becquer" . Classical Spanish Books . 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-01-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-02-22 .

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