???? ???? ?????

?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
???? ???? ?????
??????? ?????
??????? 25 ????? 1857 ( 1857-07-25 )
??? ?????????
?????? 1 ?????? 1941 (84 ???)
???????? ??????????
?????? ???????? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P27) في ويكي بيانات
?????
???? ?????????? (21 )   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P39) في ويكي بيانات
?? ??????
7 ????? 1903  ? 9 ????? 1907 
?????? ???????
??????? ???? ????? ???????
????? ??????????? ?????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P69) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ????? ?   ?????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P106) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? ????????
?????? ??????????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1412) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? 25 ???? - ????? ?? ??? 1857 ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 13 ???? - ???? ?? ??? 1893 ??? 10 ???? - ???? ?? ??? 1895 ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??? 7 ????? ??????- ????? ?? ??? 1903 ??? 9 ????? ?????? - ????? ?? ??? 1907 ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? 1 ????? - ?????? ?? ??? 1941 ?? ????? ??????????. [1] [2] [3]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

  • ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ "The Direct Primary, A Critical Step for California Progressivism" . Steve Brady, San Francisco State University. 1995. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-07-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-08-01 .
  2. ^ "The Direct Primary, A Critical Step for California Progressivism" . Steve Brady, ????? ??? ????????? ???????? . 1995. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-07-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-08-01 .
  3. ^ "University of California History. Davis: Historical Perspective" . University of California. 18 ????? 2004. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-02-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-08-01 .
أيقونة بذرة

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