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???? ???? ???????? ( 1892 ??? ????? - 1942 ) ??? ???? ??????? ??????? .

??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? 1939.

??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ??????? ???? " The Arab Awakening " ≪ ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ????? ???????≫ ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? (1938) ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????. ^[2]^[3]

??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? (?????? ?????? ≪ ?????? ??????? ????????? ≫) ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? . ^[4]

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^ . ISBN : 978-1-4128-0767-8 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |????= ??? ????? ?? ???? ( ?????? )
^ ????????? ????? 1987. ???? ?????: ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ? 8? ? 11.
^ "???? ???????? - ?????????? ???????? (1891 - 1942)" . ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-11-22 .
^ ?????? ????????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? 27 ????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

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?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????. (???????????)
????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? . (???????????)

??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[wikidata-c975b47489b2cee3e2a56675c8f01dab3158a4b1-1] . ISBN : 978-1-4128-0767-8 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |????= ??? ????? ?? ???? ( ?????? )

[2] ????????? ????? 1987. ???? ?????: ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ? 8? ? 11.

[3] "???? ???????? - ?????????? ???????? (1891 - 1942)" . ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-11-22 .

[4] ?????? ????????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? 27 ????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

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