???????

50°54′N 11°06′E / 50.9°N 11.1°E / 50.9; 11.1

??????? ?? ??????? ( ?????????? : Germania ) ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????. ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????????? ?? ??????. ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????.

???? ????? ???????? ??????? ≪??? ??????????≫? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? . ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????. ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ??? 9 ??? ???????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????.

??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ??????? Germany ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? .

??? ???? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ≪??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????????≫. ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? . ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ^[1]

?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? (98 ??? ???????) ?????? ?????? . ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ≪?????? ???????≫. ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ????? ???? ≪????? ???????≫ ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? . ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??????. ^[2]^[3]^[4]

????????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????. ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????????????. ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ^[5]

??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? (150 ?) ??????? ???????? ???????. ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???. ^[6]

??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????. ???? ?????????? (??? ??????) ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????????. ^[7]

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????. ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????. ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????. ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????. ^[8]^[9]

?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? 7 ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? (?????? ???????? ???????). ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?? 9 ?. ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? . ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????. ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ^[10]

??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? . ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ( ??????? ????? )? ?? ?????????? ????????? . ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????????. ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ^[11]

????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??????? 69-70 ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ≪????????≫ ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ≪????? ?? ????? ??????≫. ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ≪??? ???? ????? ????????? ??????≫ ????? ≪????? ?????? ????? ??????????≫. ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?≪?????????? ???????≫ ?? ??????? ?? ≪??????? ?????≫? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????. ^[11]

????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ Tacitus 1876a , II
^ James & Krmnicek 2020 ? ???? XVII.
^ Wolfram 2005 ? ???? 4.
^ Todd 2004 ? ???? 9.
^ James & Krmnicek 2020 ? ???? XII.
^ Kleineberg et al. 2012 .
^ Heather 2007 ? ???? 53. "While the territory of ancient Germania was clearly dominated in a political sense by Germanic-speaking groups, it has emerged that the population of this vast territory was far from entirely Germanic... [Germanic] expansion did not annihilate the indigenous, non-Germanic population of the areas concerned, so it is important to perceive Germania as meaning Germanic-dominated Europe ."
^ Caesar 1869 , 2. 3-4
^ Caesar 1869 , 6. 24
^ Scardigli 1998 ? ????? 245-257.
^ ^? ^? Clay 2008 ? ????? 136-138.

??????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[Tacitus_II-1] Tacitus 1876a , II

[FOOTNOTEJamesKrmnicek2020XVII-2] James & Krmnicek 2020 ? ???? XVII.

[FOOTNOTEWolfram20054-3] Wolfram 2005 ? ???? 4.

[FOOTNOTETodd20049-4] Todd 2004 ? ???? 9.

[FOOTNOTEJamesKrmnicek2020XII-5] James & Krmnicek 2020 ? ???? XII.

[FOOTNOTEKleinebergLelgemannKnoblochMarx2012-6] Kleineberg et al. 2012 .

[7] Heather 2007 ? ???? 53. "While the territory of ancient Germania was clearly dominated in a political sense by Germanic-speaking groups, it has emerged that the population of this vast territory was far from entirely Germanic... [Germanic] expansion did not annihilate the indigenous, non-Germanic population of the areas concerned, so it is important to perceive Germania as meaning Germanic-dominated Europe ."

[Caesar_2_3-8] Caesar 1869 , 2. 3-4

[Caesar_6_24-9] Caesar 1869 , 6. 24

[FOOTNOTEScardigli1998245-257-10] Scardigli 1998 ? ????? 245-257.

[FOOTNOTEClay2008136-138-11] ? ^? Clay 2008 ? ????? 136-138.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

? ? ? ????? ??????
?????? ????????	??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? West Nordic ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????
?????? ???????	????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? Sloboda Ukraine Sambia Peninsula Amber Coast ???? ???? Izyum Trail ???????? ?????? Nemunas Delta ??? ??????? ??? ??????? Vyborg Bay ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? Lokhaniemi ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? Opuntian Locris Phocis Megaris ??????? ????????? ??????? Gulf of Chania ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????
?????? ??????	????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? Transdanubia Polesia ??????? ??????? ???????
?????? ???????	?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? Cotentin Peninsula Upper Rhine Plain ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? Baetic System ??????? ???? ????
?????? ????????	???? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? Insular Italy ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? Baetic System Gibraltar Arc ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????
?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? - ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? Great Hungarian Plain Little Hungarian Plain Eastern Slovak Lowland

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