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35°N 70°W  /  35°N 70°W  / 35; -70 عدل القيمة على Wikidata
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???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? . ?????? ?? ???????? 40°0′ ?????? 30°0′?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? .  

???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? [1] ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? . [ ????? ????? ]

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???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? 1512? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? . [2] ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? 22 ????? 1513? ???? ???? ≪???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????≫. [3] ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????.

???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?? 1768? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????: ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? . [4]

??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???. ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????. ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????. ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? 1769 ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????????. [5] ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? 1770?1773? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? 1786. [6] [7]

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. [8] ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?? ??? 1958? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ≪???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????≫. [9] ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????. [10]

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? . [11] ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????.

??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? [12] ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????. [13] ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. [14] ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????. [15]

???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? . [16] ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. [17] ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????. [18]

?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? 30 ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? (30 ????????) ??? ???? ??????? . ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? 150 ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? . [19] ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? 0.6 ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? . ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????. [20] ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????. [21]

???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? 100 ????????? (62 ?????) ??????? ???? ??? 800 ????? (2,600 ?????) ?1200 ????? (3900 ?????). ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? 2.5 ????? ?? ??????? (5.6 ?????). [22] ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????. ????? ??????? ???????: ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????. [23] ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? (?? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???). ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. (????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????).  ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????. [24] ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????. [25] ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? 2018 ????? ????? [26] [27] ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? 1600 ????? ??? ?????. [28]

????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

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  20. ^ Ryan Smith? Melicie Desflots? Sean White? Arthur J. Mariano? Edward H. Ryan. "The Antarctic CP Current" . Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-11-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-01-06 .
  21. ^ Theuerkauf, Ethan J., et al. "Sea level anomalies exacerbate beach erosion". Geophysical Research Letters 41.14 (2014): 5139?5147.
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