?????

?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
  ?????? ????? ???? ????? (?????) .

??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????. [1] [2] [3] ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????. ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????.

????? ????? ≪???????≫ ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?????.???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ? ??????  ???????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ????.

????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? (1981). [4] ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????????.

??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? (???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????). [5]

??? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????. ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????.

??? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? empowerment.

????????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ≪???????≫? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???  ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. [6] ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????: ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? _????? ???????_ ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? . [7] ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??: ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????. [8] [9] ????? ????? ???????? (1984) ?? ???: ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????. [10] ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? -??? ???? ?????? - ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????.

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????. ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????.

???????????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????. ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????. ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? - ????????? - ????? ???????? (?? ???????? ??? ????).

????? ????? ??????? / ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????. ??????? ????? ≪??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????≫. [11] ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???????.

?????? ???????  ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????????. [12] ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????.

????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? -???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????- ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????. ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? / ???????. ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????????. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ???????. [13] ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????.

?? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ≪?????≫ ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????. ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????. [14] ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????. ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ≪????≫ ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???.

?? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????. ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????????????. [15] ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???. ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????. [16]

????????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????. ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????. [17] ???? ≪???????? ??????? ???????≫ (????? ??? ??????):  ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????. [18] ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ≪??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????≫ ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ????. ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? - ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????. [19] ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????.

≪??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????≫ ??? ?? ??????? ????????. ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. [19]

?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????. ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????.

????? ????????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????. ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????. [20]  ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????????. [21]

?? ????? ???? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?. ????????? [22] ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ?????: ?? ??????? ????. [23]

?? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ≪???????≫ ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? (?? ?????? ?????) ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????: ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ≪?????????≫ ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????  ????? ?????? (???? ???? ?????).

????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ≪????? ???????≫ ???? ??????? ?????????. ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? (???????)? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????. [24] ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???. ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????. [25]

?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????. [26] ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????. ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?????  ??????. [11] ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??:

  1- ????? ????????? ?? ??????.

  2- ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????.

  3- ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????.

????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ?????? ?????: ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????. [27] ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????. [11] ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????. [28]

??? ??????? ???????

??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ≪??????? ?????-???????≫ ??????? . ??? ??? ??????? ? ??? ≪????? ????? ???????????≫ ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????????. ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? (????? ?? ??) ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ESG ? ????????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?? ≪??? ???????≫

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????.

??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

- ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????

- ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????

- ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ "What Is Legal Empowerment?" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-12-29 .
  2. ^ "United Nations: Gender equality and women's empowerment" . Un.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-01-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-10-30 .
  3. ^ "Encouraging and Empowering Girls - Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association" . Ccpa-accp.ca . 13 ????? 2012. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-03-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-10-30 .
  4. ^ Rappaport, Julian. In praise of paradox. A social policy of empowerment over prevention, in: American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 9 (1), 1981, 1?25 (13)
  5. ^ Burton & Kagan (1996). "Rethinking empowerment: shared action against powerlessness". http://www.compsy.org.uk. Archived from the original on |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help). Retrieved 1 November 2017. External link in |website= (help) "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-02-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-10-08 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  6. ^ Adams, Robert. Empowerment, participation and social work . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, p.6.
  7. ^ Adams, Robert. Empowerment, participation and social work . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, p.xvi
  8. ^ Cornell Empowerment Group. (1989, October). Empowerment and family support. Networking Bulletin, 1(1)2
  9. ^ Zimmerman, M.A. (2000). Empowerment Theory: Psychological, Organizational and Community Levels of Analysis. "Handbook of Community Psychology," 43?63.
  10. ^ Rappaport, J. (1984). Studies in empowerment: Introduction to the issue. "Prevention in Human Services," 3, 1?7.
  11. ^ ? ? ? Blanchard, Kenneth H.; John P. Carlos; Alan Randolph (1996). Empowerment Takes More than a Minute . San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
  12. ^ "Encouraging and Empowering Girls - Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association" . Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (??????????? ?????????). 13 Jul 2012. Archived from the original on 2015-07-06 . Retrieved 2018-03-10 .
  13. ^ Albert Lenz: Empowerment und Ressourcenaktivierung ? Perspektiven fur die psychosoziale Praxis.
  14. ^ Adams, Robert. Empowerment, participation and social work . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, p.12ff.
  15. ^ Adams, Robert. Empowerment, participation and social work . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, p.7-9
  16. ^ "Welcome to MicroEmpowering!" . www.microempowering.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-03-10 .
  17. ^ "The politics of legal empowerment: legal mobilisation strategies and implications for development" . ODI (???????????). Archived from the original on 2017-11-07 . Retrieved 2018-03-10 .
  18. ^ "[WATCH] Four Billion People Worldwide Lack the Protection of Law" . Open Society Foundations (???????????). Archived from the original on 2018-11-22 . Retrieved 2018-03-10 .
  19. ^ ? ? Cotula, Lorenzo (2007). Legal Empowerment for Local Resource Control: Securing Local Resource Rights Within Foreign Investment Projects in Africa (???????????). IIED. ISBN : 9781843696674 . Archived from the original on 2018-03-11.
  20. ^ U.N. General Assembly, 55th Session. “United Nations Millennium Declaration.” (A/55/L.2). 8 September 2000. (Online) Available: www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.pdf (accessed January 2, 2008)
  21. ^ "United Nations: Gender equality and women's empowerment" . United Nations Sustainable Development (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2018-01-14 . Retrieved 2018-03-10 .
  22. ^ Potterfield, Thomas. "The Business of Employee Empowerment: Democracy and Ideology in the Workplace." Quorum Books, 1999, p. 6
  23. ^ Ciulla, Joanne B. (2004), "Leadership and the Problem of Bogus Empowerment", in Ciulla, Joanne B., Ethics, the heart of leadership (2 ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-275-98248-5 , [...] in many organizations, promises of empowerment are bogus.
  24. ^ "Empowering Your Employees to Empower Themselves" . Harvard Business Review . 23 ????? 2010. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-03-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-03-10 .
  25. ^ "Empowerment: The Emperor's New Clothes" . Harvard Business Review . 1 ???? 1998. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-03-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-03-10 .
  26. ^ "Employee Empowerment: The Key to Employee Satisfaction" . AtulHost (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2017-12-20 . Retrieved 2018-03-10 .
  27. ^ Stewart, Aileen Mitchell. Empowering People (Institute of Management). Pitman. London: Financial Times Management, 1994.
  28. ^ "6 Myths About Empowering Employees" . Harvard Business Review . 27 ???? 2015. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-03-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-03-10 .
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