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?? ????? 6 ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? (??????? ???????? ???????) ?? ?????? ??????.
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????? 90% ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? 6 ??? 12 ??? ?????? ???? ?????.???????? ??????
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?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? 20% ?? ??????? ???? 4 ? 5 ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????.???? ??????? ??? ??? 6 ??? 9 ???? ???? 75% ??? 85% ?? ??????? ?????? ?? 9 ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????.???? ??? 6 ??? 9 ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? 12??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???
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????? 60% ?? ??????? ??? ??????? 6-9 ???? ? 70 % ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? (????????) ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? 9 ????.??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????.??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????.
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???? ?? 90% ?? ??????? ???? 12 ??? 18 ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????.?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????.??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???.
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?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????.??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? 2002 ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? 9 ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????.??? ??? 9 ???? ???? 12 ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????.?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ? 12% ?? ??????? ???? 9-12 ???.
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???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????.
[7]
????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????.
[7]
??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????.?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????.
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(???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????) : ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? 12 ??? ??? ????? ????.
[8]
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?? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? Gerber ? Beech-Nut ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????????.
[9]
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????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????.??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????.
[10]
???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????.???? ??? ??? (annaprashan) ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????.
?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????.?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????.
[11]
?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????
[3]
?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????.?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????.
?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? Martinus vander Hagen ??? ????? NV Nutricia ??? 1901 .
[12]
?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? Fremont Canning .
[8]
?? ??? 1927 ????? ???? Beech -Nut ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? 1931.
[13]
??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? Pablum ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????.
??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? H.j.Heinz /Nestle / Organix.
??? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????.
?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? 7 ????.????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? 6 ???? ???.??? ???? ?? ???? ??? 4 ??? 6 ????.
[9]
?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? (xifan) ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????.
[14]
??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????.
??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????.
[15]
????????
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????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????.
[16]
????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????.
?? ??? 1984 ? 1986 ???? Gerber ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????.
?? ??? 1987 ???? ???? Beech - Nut ???? 25 ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????????.
[8]
?? ??? 2011 ???? ???? Nestle ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? p.tit pot ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.
[17]
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???? Gerber ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? 70% ?? ????? ???????? ??? 1996 .
??? ???? Beech -Nut ??? ?????? 15% ?? ???? ????? ????? Heinz ????? 10% ??????? ???? Heinz's Earth 's Best ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? 2% ?? ???? ????? ????????.
??? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??? ? Heinz ????? 90% ?? ???? ????? ???? 1996 ????? ???? Heinz ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????.
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???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
"?????? ?????? ?????????"
Infant and Newborn Nutrition
[
???? ??????
]
???? ??????
04 ?????? 2014 ??? ????
??? ??? ????
.
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04 ?????? 2014 ??? ????
??? ??? ????
.
- ^
^ World Health Organization. Online Q&A: What is the recommended food for children in their very early years? Accessed 2 August 2011.
- ^
?
?
?
^ a b c Health Canada. Transition to Solid Foods.
- ^
^ Australian Breastfeeding Association.
- ^
?
?
^ a b c d Butte NF, Fox MK, Briefel RR, et al. (December 2010). "Nutrient intakes of US infants, toddlers, and preschoolers meet or exceed dietary reference intakes". J Am Diet Assoc 110 (12 Suppl): S27?37. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2010.09.004.
????
:
21092766
.
- ^
?
?
?
?
?
?
^ a b c d e f g h i j Siega-Riz AM, Deming DM, Reidy KC, Fox MK, Condon E, Briefel RR (December 2010). "Food consumption patterns of infants and toddlers: where are we now?". J Am Diet Assoc 110 (12): S38?51. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2010.09.001.
????
:
21092767
.
- ^
?
?
?
^ a b c Samour, Patricia; King, Kathy (2011-01-07). Pediatric Nutrition. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 92. (
????
978-0-7637-8450-8
). Retrieved 25 January 2013.
- ^
?
?
?
?
^ a b c d e f g h Mazze, Edward M.; Michman, Ronald D. (1998). The food industry wars: marketing triumphs and blunders. New York: Quorum. pp. 131?152.
ISBN 1-56720-111-3
.
- ^
?
?
^ a b c d Bentley, Amy. (Fall 2006). "Booming Baby Food: Infant Food and Feeding in Post-WWII America." Michigan Historical Review. 32:2. Pages 63?87. ISSN 0890-1686.
- ^
^ Holmes, Wendy (2007), "Influences on maternal and child nutrition in the highlands of the northern Lao PDR", Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 16 (3): 537?545,
????
:
17704036
- ^
^ The Food Timeline-baby food history notes
- ^
^ Nutricia
- ^
^ Our Company, Beech-Nut website, accessed November 30, 2008
- ^
^ FW-91 - Homemade Baby Food: Fast, Frugal, and Fun | www.japaninc.com
- ^
^ USA (2011-10-03). "Aflatoxin Exposure after Weaning: Solid Food Contaminant Impairs Growth". Pubmedcentral.nih.gov. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ^
^ Cheating Babies: Nutritional Quality and Cost of Commercial Baby Food
- ^
^ Pillay, Ravi. "Recall of Nestle P’tit Pot Recette Banana baby food by Nestle France.". October 5, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.