?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
????
(
???????????
:
Troy, Michigan
)? ?? ????? ??? ??
?????? ??????? (???????)
??????
???????
?? ???? ???
???????? ???????
. ???? ????? ??? ??????? 87.13 (??²)? ?????? ?? ??? ????? 228 ?? ??? ??? ?????? 80980 ???? ?? ??? 2010 ???
?????
???? ????? ???????? ???????
???? ??????? ???????? ???? 934.2 ????/??
2
.
[6]
???????? ????????
[
???
]
???
???? ????? ???????? ???????
?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??
????? ???????? ???????
. ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? 2000 ?2010.
????? ??? 2000
[
???
]
??? ??? ???? ???? 1,054 ???? ????
????? ??? 2000
? ???? ??? ????? 439 ???? ???? ???????? 295 ????? ????? ?? ???????. ?? ??? ????
??????? ????????
1,473.4 ???? ??? ??? ???? (568.9/??
2
). ???? ??? ??????? ??????? 474 ???? ?????? ????? ???? 662.6 ???? ??? ??? ???? (255.8/??
2
).
????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? 98.77% ??
?????
? 0.28% ??
?????????? ????????
? 0.09% ??
?????????? ??? ?????? ????????
? 0.28% ??
?????????? ????????
? 0.47% ??
????? ??????? ?? ????
.
??? ??? ????? 439 ???? ???? ???? 31.4% ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????
???????
???????? ?? ????? ????? 54.0% ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? 8.9% ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? 32.6% ?? ??? ????????. ????? ???? 30.3% ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? 18.7% ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? 65 ????? ??? ???. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? 2.96? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? 2.38.
??? ????? ?????? ?????? 38 ?????. ????? ???? 26.2% ?? ????????
??? ?? ??????? ???
? ????? ???? 7.4% ???
??????? ??? ???????? ??????
?????? ????? 26.7% ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? 20.3% ???? ?? ???
??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????
? ????? 19.4% ???? ??? ???
??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???
. ???? ??? 100
????
98.1
???
? ????? ??? 100 ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? 93.5 ???.
??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? 31,786
?????
? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? 37,039 ?????. ???? ????? ??? ?????? 28,229 ????? ????? 19,706 ????? ??????. ????
??? ?????
????? ???????? 15,138 ?????. ????? ???? 13.4% ?? ???????? ????? 12.2% ?? ?????? ???
?? ?????
? ???? ?? ????? ???? 16.2% ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? 4.7% ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???.
????? ??? 2010
[
???
]
??? ??? ???? ???? 80,980 ???? ????
????? ??? 2010
? ???? ??? ????? 30,703 ???? ???? ???????? 22,443 ????? ????? ?? ???????. ?? ??? ????
??????? ????????
2,419.5 ???? ??? ??? ???? (934.2/??
2
). ???? ??? ??????? ??????? 32,907 ???? ?????? ????? ???? 983.2 ??? ??? ???? (379.6/??
2
).
????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? 74.1% ??
?????
? 0.2% ??
?????????? ????????
? 19.1% ??
?????????? ??? ?????? ????????
? 4.0% ??
?????????? ????????
? 2.0% ??
????? ??????? ?? ????
.
??? ??? ????? 30,703 ???? ???? ???? 34.7% ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????
???????
???????? ?? ????? ????? 62.8% ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? 7.3% ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? 3.0% ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? 26.9% ?? ??? ????????. ????? ???? 23.4% ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? 9.6% ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? 65 ????? ??? ???. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? 3.14? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? 2.63.
??? ????? ?????? ?????? 41.8 ?????. ????? ???? 23.8% ?? ????????
??? ?? ??????? ???
? ????? ???? 6.7% ???
??????? ??? ???????? ??????
?????? ????? 24% ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? 31.6% ???? ?? ???
??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????
? ????? 13.8% ???? ??? ???
??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???
. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? 49.3%
????
?50.7%
????
.
[10]
?????
[
???
]
????? ??????
[
???
]