????? ???? ?????

???? ??????? ??????? ??????? (?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? BBN) ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ) ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? . ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ^[1]

???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? 10 ???? ??? 20 ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????-4 ? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????-3 ? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????-7 . ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ( ?????? ???? ) ????? ???? ????????? ? ????????-7 ? ??????? ???????? (???????) ?????? ??? He-3 ? Li-7.

?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? 1946. ?? ??? 1950 ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? Hayashi Ch?shir? ??????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? 1966 ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ⁴He.

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ≪??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????≫:

????? ?????? ??????? (???? ?????????? ???????????) ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????.
??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????.
??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? 10 ????? ??? 20 ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????. ^[2]
??? ?? ?? ?? (??????? ??????) ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????.

?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? 6*10 ^-10. ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????: 75 % ?? ??????????-1? 25% ?? ????????-4? 0.01% ?? ??????????? ?????????-3? ?????? ????? (????? 10 ^-10) ?? ???????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????.

?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ≪????? ??????≫ ???????? -4? ???? ???? ??? (??? Y)? ?? ?? ???? 25% ?? ????????-4 ???? ?? ???? ????????-4 ???? 25% ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? 8% ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????-4. ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? (??? ??????? ???????) ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? .

???? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? 1966. ^[3]^[4] ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ?? ??? 1993? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ≪????? ???? ?????≫ ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????.

????????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? (??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ≪ ??????? ???????? ≫) ????? ?????????? ?????????.

???? ??????????? ?????????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????. ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????:

${\ce {n\ +e+<=>{\overline {\nu }}_{e}+p}}$

${\ce {n \ + \nu_{e}<=> p + e-}}$

?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????????? (??/??? n/p) ????? ?? 1:1. ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??/??? ??????. ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? 0.7 ???? ??????? ???? (??? ??? ????? ?????) ?????? ≪???? ????? ??????≫. ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??/??? ??? 1/6. ?? ???? ??? ??????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? 880 ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??/??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 1/7. ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????-4? ????? ?????? ???? ????????-4 ????? ≪???? ????? ????≫ ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????. ????? ??? ??? ??? 8% ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????????-4? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????????-4 ????? 25% ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????????-3 ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????-4. ^[5]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ????

????? [ ??? ]

^ ?????? ???? - ?????: ???? ???? ??? (2017). ????? ?????? . ??? ??????? ????? ????????. ?. 350. ISBN : 9789953582832 .
^ Patrignani? C.? ?????? (Particle Data Group) (2016). "Big-Bang nucleosynthesis" (PDF) . Chin. Phys. C . ?. 40: 100001. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2017-12-10.
^ Peebles? P. J. E. (1966). "Primeval Helium Abundance and the Primeval Fireball". Physical Review Letters . ?. 16 ?. 10: 410?413. DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.16.410 .
^ Wagoner, Fowler and Hoyle "ON THE SYNTHESIS OF ELEMENTS AT VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES" , Robert V. Wagoner, William A. Fowler, and F. Hoyle, The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 148, April 1967. ???? ?????? 20 ?????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Gary Steigman (2007). "Primordial Nucleosynthesis in the Precision Cosmology Era". Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science . ?. 57 ?. 1: 463?491. arXiv : 0712.1100 . Bibcode : 2007ARNPS..57..463S . DOI : 10.1146/annurev.nucl.56.080805.140437 .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ???? ?????

[1] ?????? ???? - ?????: ???? ???? ??? (2017). ????? ?????? . ??? ??????? ????? ????????. ?. 350. ISBN : 9789953582832 .

[RPP-2] Patrignani? C.? ?????? (Particle Data Group) (2016). "Big-Bang nucleosynthesis" (PDF) . Chin. Phys. C . ?. 40: 100001. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2017-12-10.

[Primordial_Helium-3] Peebles? P. J. E. (1966). "Primeval Helium Abundance and the Primeval Fireball". Physical Review Letters . ?. 16 ?. 10: 410?413. DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.16.410 .

[Primordial_Elements-4] Wagoner, Fowler and Hoyle "ON THE SYNTHESIS OF ELEMENTS AT VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES" , Robert V. Wagoner, William A. Fowler, and F. Hoyle, The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 148, April 1967. ???? ?????? 20 ?????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[5] Gary Steigman (2007). "Primordial Nucleosynthesis in the Precision Cosmology Era". Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science . ?. 57 ?. 1: 463?491. arXiv : 0712.1100 . Bibcode : 2007ARNPS..57..463S . DOI : 10.1146/annurev.nucl.56.080805.140437 .

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