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????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

????? ????? [1] [2] ?? ??????? ???????? [3] (????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ) ( ??????????? : Ultrasound )?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? (?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?? 20 ??? ???? )? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????.

????? ?????? ??????? ????????? (??? ???????) ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? .

???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (?????? ??????? ???? ?????) ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????. ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? (??? ???????? ????????) ?? ?????? ??? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????.

????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? (???? ?? 20 ??? ????). [4] ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????.

???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ? (??????)? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????. ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????.

????????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????. [5]

?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????. ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????. ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ( ????? ??? ????? ). ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? (??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????). [6]

??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? (7-18 ????????)? ??? ???? ??? ???? (??????) ?????? (??????) ????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? (1-6 ????????) ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????.

???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????. ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????. ?? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????.

??????? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????. ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???: [7] [8]

≪?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????≫.

????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ≪???? ????? ???? ??????≫ ?? ???? ALARP. [9]

??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ≪????? ????? ??????? ??????≫. [10]

???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? [ ??? ]

  • ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 2000 ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. [11]
  • ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? 2006 ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????. [12]
  • ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2001 ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? (????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????) ????? ??????. [13] [14] [15]
    • ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????. [16]
    • ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? 8865 ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????. [17]

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? .

??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????: ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????. [18] [19]

???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? (MI)? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? (TI) ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. [20]

?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????????. ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? (PNDT) ?? ??? 1994 ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????. ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? (????? ???? ????? ?????????) (PCPNDT) ?? ??? 2004 ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? . [21] [22] [23]

????? ????? ?? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ????? ????? (??????? ???????? ??? ???????) ???? ???? ?? ???? . ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????. ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? (????? ??? ?????). ?????? ??????? (?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????) ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? (????? ????? ?? ???? ???????).

????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? (7-18 ????????)? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? (??????) ?????? (??????). ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? (1-6 ????????)? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????.

???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????. ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????.

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??? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? (??????? ?????? ?? B ?? ???? ?????? ????????) ?????? ????? ???????? ????????. ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??????.

?? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? (????) ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? (???????? ?????????).

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???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????. ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????.

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??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????. ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????. ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????/??????. ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????.

??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???????.

????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?  ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????.

????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? (????? ?????) ?? ?????? 2005-2006 ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ?? 65% ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????.

???????? ???? (?????? ???????) [ ??? ]

???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????. ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? (??? ???? ??????) ?? ???? ??? ????. [26] ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????.

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?? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????????  ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????). ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? (????????) ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????.

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  • ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ... ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? .
  • ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????.

????????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???

?? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????.

???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????  : ??????? = (???? ???? ????? ×?????)÷2

? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? .

??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????? .

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????

???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????.

???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

  • صورة ثلاثية الأبعاد لجنين عمره 29 أسبوع.
    ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? 29 ?????.
  • صورة لمقطع عرض شاشة.
    ???? ????? ??? ????.
  • تحليل لسرعة جريان الدم بالأوعية.
    ????? ????? ????? ???? ????????.

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ ???? ???? ?????? (2009). ?????? ????? ??????: ??????? - ????? - ???? (???????? ??????????? ?????????) (?. ???????). ?????: ????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???????? . ?. 2219. ISBN : 978-9953-86-482-2 . OCLC : 978161740 . QID : Q113466993 . ??????: Ultrasonography
  2. ^ ???? ???? ?????? (2009). ?????? ????? ??????: ??????? - ????? - ???? (???????? ??????????? ?????????) (?. ???????). ?????: ????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???????? . ?. 616. ISBN : 978-9953-86-482-2 . OCLC : 978161740 . QID : Q113466993 . ??????: echography
  3. ^ ???? ???? ?????? (2009). ?????? ????? ??????: ??????? - ????? - ???? (???????? ??????????? ?????????) (?. ???????). ?????: ????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???????? . ?. 1934. ISBN : 978-9953-86-482-2 . OCLC : 978161740 . QID : Q113466993 . ??????: Sonography. ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????
  4. ^ Aldrich JE. Basic physics of ultrasound imaging. Crit Care Med. 2007 May;35(5 Suppl):S131-7. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000260624.99430.22. PMID 17446771
  5. ^ Izadifar Z, Babyn P, Chapman D. Mechanical and Biological Effects of Ultrasound: A Review of Present Knowledge. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2017 Jun;43(6):1085-1104. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.01.023. Epub 2017 Mar 23. PMID 28342566
  6. ^ Amaral CB, Ralston DC, Becker TK. Prehospital point-of-care ultrasound: A transformative technology. SAGE Open Med. 2020 Jul 26;8:2050312120932706. doi: 10.1177/2050312120932706. PMID 32782792 ; PMCID: PMC7383635.
  7. ^ Merritt? CR (1989). "Ultrasound safety: What are the issues?" . Radiology . ?. 173 ?. 2: 304?6. DOI : 10.1148/radiology.173.2.2678243 . PMID : 2678243 . [ ???? ?????? ]
  8. ^ "Training in Diagnostic Ultrasound: essentials, principles and standards" . WHO. 1998. ?. 2. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2021-05-07.
  9. ^ "Official Statement" . www.aium.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-04-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-05-19 .
  10. ^ Lockwook? Charles J. (?????? 2010). "Keepsake fetal ultrasounds (November 01, 2010)" . Modern Medicine Network . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-09-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-09-11 .
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