????? ????????

??????? ????
????? ??????	???? ??????? ??????? ;
??? ?????	???????

??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? (Holstein) ???????? . ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ≪????????≫. ???? ??? ≪??????≫ ?? ≪????≫ (Seax)? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????.

?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ? ??????????? . ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???. ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????. ^[1]

?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? (Eichsfeld)? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? . ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? (?????? ????????) ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? .

???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????. ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ≪???????????≫ ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ≪??????????≫ ( Axones ). ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? (Westphalia)? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ≪???????? ???? ??????≫ ????????? ???????.

?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ( ??? ):

??????????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ????? (Weser).
????????? (Engern ?? Angrians)? ??? ????? ??? ????.
???????????? ? ??? ???? ??????.
???????? ???????? (Transalbingians)? ???? ???? ???? ?????????.
????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????????? (Westphalians)? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? .

??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? (481?-511?) ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????????.

??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? (772?-804?)? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? 776?. ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????.

??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? 4500 ??????? ?? ?????? ??? 782?.

????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? (880??1356?) [ ??? ]

????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? (843?)? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????????? . ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????. ??? ???? ?????? (880?-912?) ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? . ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? (919?-936?)? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? (936?-973?) ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? (962?). ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? (973?-983?) ????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? (983?-1002?). ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? (1002?-1024?). ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ≪?????????≫ (margraviates).

??? ≪??????≫ (Margrave) ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????. ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ≪?????????≫. ???? ??? ≪???????????≫:

≪?????? ???????≫? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????.
???????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????????.

??????? ?? ≪????≫ ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????: ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????.

???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ≪????????≫ ??????? . ?? ??? 960?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ≪?????? ??????≫ (Hermann Billung)? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????. ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?? ????????. ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1106?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????.

???? ?????????? ???? ?????? (1106?-1125?) ????? ???????? ;??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? (Supplinburg)? ????? ???? ?? ??? 1125? ????? ????????? ???? ????? (1137?) ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?? ????? ??? (Welf) ???????? (Guelph). ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ??? 1176?? ???????? ?? ??? 1180? ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ? ??? 1181? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? (Gelnhausen) ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? "???????????? ??????? " ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ^[2] ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????????.

??????? ????????? ?? ???????? (Gelnhausen) ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????. ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ? ???????? ? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? . ??? ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? . ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ? ???. ???? ?? ????????? ? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????. ?? ???????????? ?? ???????? ????????? (Paderborn) ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????. ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????????.

???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ≪???????? ???????≫( ??????????? : Palatinate of Saxony )? ( ?????????? : Pfalzgrafschaft Sachsen ) ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ≪???? ????????≫ (Saale-Unstrut). ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ≪??????≫ ?? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? (Goseck) ?? ??????? Burchard (1003? ??? 1017?? ???? ???? Dedi). ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 1179?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????????. ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? (Louis the Pious) ?? ????? ??????????? (Ludovingian) ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? 1181?. ??? ???? ?????? ??? 1217?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????.

????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? 1227?? ???? ????? ???? ????? (Henry Raspe) ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??? 1241? ?? ??? ????? 19 ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? (Henry the Illustrious) ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? (Landgraviate of Thuringia).

??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? (Welf)? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????-????????? (Brunswick-Grubenhagen) (???? ??? 1322?)? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????.

?? ??? 1363?? ???? ??? ≪??????? ????????-?????≫ (Palatinate of Saxony-Allstedt) ???? ???. ^[3]

??????? ???????? (1356?-1806?) [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? (Furstenzug) ?? ?????? .

??? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????????. ?? ??? 1517?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? 95 ?? ????? ???? ??????? (Wittenberg). ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????.

?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? . ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 1356? "??????? ??????" ????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ? ??? ??????? ????? ≪ ???????? ???????? ≫ (Electorate of Saxony)? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????. ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? (???? ???????)? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????.

??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? . ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? 1763?? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ????.

?? ??? 1756?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? 1756?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????. ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????.

????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1806?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ≪??????? ????????≫ ?????? ≪ ????? ???????? ≫ ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????: ??????? ????? ????? .

????? ???????? (1806?-1918?) [ ??? ]

?????? ????????? ????????

?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????.

Konigswartha Landmarks.

???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????? 1807?-1813?. ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? 1813 ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????. ?? ????? ??????? (16-18 ?????? 1813?) ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????????? (?????) ?????? ?? ????? . ????? ????? ????? (1814?-1815?) ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? 7,800 ??? ???? (20,000 ??? ²) ????? ??? ?????? ????? 850.000 ????. ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????: ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???. ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????. ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? 5,789 ??? ???? (14,990 ??? ²) ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? 1.500.000 ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? 1815?. ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? (1854?-1873?) ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????. ????????? ?? ??? ??? 1866? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ????. ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????. ?? ??? 1871? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? (1873?-1902?). ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? (1902??1904?)? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????. ????? ?????? ??????????? (?? ?????? 1870?) ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1896?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? 1900?. ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? 1905? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? 778.8. ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????????. ?? ??? 1910? ??? ??? ?????? 5,302,485 ????? ???? 218.033 ??????????? 4250398 ?????? ?????? 14.697 ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???. ??????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? (Bautzen). ??? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????? (Ostritz ? Schirgiswalde) ??? ?????? ????????? ???????. ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? 1.5? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? (Wend)? ?????? ???? ?? ≪??????≫ (Serbjo). ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? 120,000 ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? 50,000 ???? ?? ????? ???????? ? ?? ????? ????? 12,000 ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? 30,000 ????? ???? 7,000 ?? ????????.

??? ??? 1918? [ ??? ]

??? ??? 1918?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? (KPD) ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? (SPD)? ??? ??????? ???? ??? 1923?. ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1952?? ?????? ??? ????? ≪????????≫ (Bezirke) ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 1990? ??? ????? ????? ??????? . ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? 1815? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ≪??????? ??????≫ ??? ??? 1623?? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? 1623? ??? 1815?.

?????? ???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? 9,746 ??? ???? (25,240 ??? ²)? ??? ??? 1905? ??? ??? ?????? 2,979,221 ????. ???? 230,860 (7.8?) ??????? ? ? 2,730,098 (91?) ?????????? ? 9,981 ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ? 8,050 ?? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? 15,000 ??? 20,000 ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? (Sachsenganger)? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ??????? . ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? . ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? 1815?? ????? 8,100 ??? ???? (21,000 ??? ²) ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? (1648?) ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ? ???????? (Eichsfeld) ?? ????? ?????? ????????.

??? ??? 1802?? ??? ??????? ???????? (Erfurt) ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ≪??? ???? ??????≫ ( De salute animarum ) ?????? 16 ????? 1821?. ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????:

???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ? 25 ????.
≪??????? ???????≫ ?? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? (???? ???????) ? 28 ??????.
???????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? 16 ?????? ? 129 ??????.

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ??????? .
???????? ?????? - ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????.
????? Ottonian .
???? ???????? .
????? (?????) .

??????? [ ??? ]

^ See pages 182 and 183 of Turner (1852).
^ Thus the Saxon (arch)bishops turned into prince-(arch)bishops, such as the Prince-Archbishops of Bremen ^{[???? ????]}‏ and Magdeburg , and the prince-bishops of Halberstadt ? Lubeck ? Ratzeburg ? Schwerin as well as Verden etc.
^ ... Allstedt das hauß und die pfallentz zu Sachsen ... das obgenannte hauß Alstete mit der pfallentz von Sachsen doselbst ...; Urkunde Karls IV. vom 15. August 1363. Zitate nach Heinze 1925, p. 56, notes 120?121.

????? [ ??? ]

????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[1] See pages 182 and 183 of Turner (1852).

[2] Thus the Saxon (arch)bishops turned into prince-(arch)bishops, such as the Prince-Archbishops of Bremen ^{[???? ????]}‏ and Magdeburg , and the prince-bishops of Halberstadt ? Lubeck ? Ratzeburg ? Schwerin as well as Verden etc.

[3] ... Allstedt das hauß und die pfallentz zu Sachsen ... das obgenannte hauß Alstete mit der pfallentz von Sachsen doselbst ...; Urkunde Karls IV. vom 15. August 1363. Zitate nach Heinze 1925, p. 56, notes 120?121.

[1]

[2]

[3]