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( ????????? : Pierre Curie )?  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1559) في ويكي بيانات
 
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??????? 15 ???? 1859 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P569) في ويكي بيانات
????? [7]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P19) في ويكي بيانات
?????? 19 ????? 1906 (46 ???) [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P570) في ويكي بيانات
????? [7] [8]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P20) في ويكي بيانات
??? ?????? ???     [???? ????] ‏ [9]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P509) في ويكي بيانات
???? ????? ????? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P119) في ويكي بيانات
??????? ?????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P551) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ????? [10]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P27) في ويكي بيانات
??? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P463) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ???? ???? (26 ????? 1895?19 ????? 1906) [11]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P26) في ويكي بيانات
???????
???? ????? ????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P22) في ويكي بيانات
???? ??????
?????? ????????? ?????????? (???)
?????????? ??????? (wife's sister)   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1038) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ???????
??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????     [???? ????] ‏
??????
????? ?????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P69) في ويكي بيانات
???? ????????? ?????? ??????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P184) في ويكي بيانات
???? ????????? ??? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P185) في ويكي بيانات
???????? ????????? ??? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P802) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ??????? [12] [13] [14] ?   ???????? [15] [16] [17] ?   ?????? ????? ?   ????? ????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P106) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ????????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1412) في ويكي بيانات
???? ????? ??????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P101) في ويكي بيانات
???? ?? ????? ?????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P108) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?   ??????? ????????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P800) في ويكي بيانات
???????
???????
 
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

???? ???? ( ????????? : Pierre Curie )? (15 ???? 1859 - 19 ????? 1906) [22] ??????? ????? ? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ? ???????????? ? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????? . ?? ??? 1903 ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ≪??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ≫. [23]

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????????. ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ??????????? ???????? ? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? . ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? . ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ????. ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????. [24]

??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????: ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????. [25] [26] ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? (??? ?????? ?????? ). ?????? ??? ???????? ? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ≪???? ??????≫ ?? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????????.

??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????????? . ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ≪ ?????? ???????? ≫? ????? ?????? ?? ???????. ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????. [27] ???? ???? ???? ??? 1898 ?? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ???? ???? ??. ??. ????? [28] ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??? (?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????) ?? ??? 2015. [29] [30]

???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????. [31] ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? . [32]

???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? (3.7 × 10 10 ??????? ?? ??????? ?? 37 ???? ?????? ) ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1910? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????. [33]

????????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????????? ???? ? 1895

?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ? ????? ????????? . ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????????. [34] :65 ???? ??? ?????? ????: ≪??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????≫. [34] :66 ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????. [34] :68 ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? 1905- 1906 ????? ?????? [34] :238 ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????. [34] :247 ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????. [35]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ ? ? Encyclopædia Britannica | Pierre Curie (???????????), QID : Q5375741
  2. ^ ? ? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie | Pierre Curie (??????????), QID : Q237227
  3. ^ ? ? Gran Enciclopedia Catalana | Pierre Curie (???????????), Grup Enciclopedia, QID : Q2664168
  4. ^ ? ? GeneaStar | Pierre Curie ? QID : Q98769076
  5. ^ ? ? Proleksis enciklopedija | Pierre Curie (??????????), QID : Q3407324
  6. ^ ? ? Dalibor Brozovi?; Tomislav Ladan (1999). Hrvatska enciklopedija | Pierre Curie (??????????). Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krle?a. ISBN : 978-953-6036-31-8 . OCLC : 247866724 . OL : 120005M . QID : Q1789619 .
  7. ^ ? ? А. М. Прохоров , ed. (1969), Большая советская энциклопедия: [в 30 т.] (????????) (3rd ed.), Москва: Большая российская энциклопедия, Кюри Пьер, OCLC : 14476314 , QID : Q17378135
  8. ^ http://www.funtrivia.com/en/subtopics/Scientists-are-Human-Too-293162.html . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  9. ^ https://www.agenciasinc.es/Agenda/1906-muere-Pierre-Curie-pionero-en-el-estudio-de-la-radiactividad . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  10. ^ http://www.tv.com/shows/sabrina-the-teenage-witch/suspicious-minds-70596/ . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  11. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=bteAVVwkeUIC&pg=PA106 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  12. ^ http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10506899809410864 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  13. ^ http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00033790802318292 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  14. ^ https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/themes/physics/curie/ . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  15. ^ http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2012/05/15/The-almanac/UPI-27721337067000/ . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  16. ^ http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2011/05/15/The-almanac/UPI-12351305444600/ . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  17. ^ http://www.biography.com/people/groups/nobel-prize . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  18. ^ https://www.fi.edu/en/laureates/pierre-curie . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  19. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903" (???????????). Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2015-08-03 .
  20. ^ https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/ . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  21. ^ "Award winners : Davy Medal" (???????????) . Retrieved 2018-12-30 .
  22. ^ Jones? Daniel (2011). Roach? Peter? Setter? Jane? Esling? John (????????). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (?. 18th). Cambridge University Press. ISBN : 978-0-521-15253-2 .
  23. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903" . ????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-07-08 .
  24. ^ Redniss? Lauren (2011). Radioactive . New York, New York: HarperCollins. ?. 30.
  25. ^ Castellani? Elena? Ismael? Jenann (16 ????? 2016). "Which Curie's Principle?" (PDF) . Philosophy of Science . ?. 83 ?. 5: 1002?1013. DOI : 10.1086/687933 . hdl : 10150/625244 . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-08-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-07-08 .
  26. ^ Berova? Nina (2000). Circular dichroism : principles and applications . New York, NY: Wiley-VCH. ?. 43?44. ISBN : 0471330035 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-07-08 .
  27. ^ "Marie and Pierre Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium" . Nobelprize.org . 2014. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-11.
  28. ^ P. Curie, Mme. P. Curie, and M. G. Bemont, Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences , Paris, 1898 (26 December), vol. 127, pp. 1215-1217.
  29. ^ "2015 Awardees" . American Chemical Society, Division of the History of Chemistry . University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign School of Chemical Sciences. 2015. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-07-01 .
  30. ^ "Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award" (PDF) . American Chemical Society, Division of the History of Chemistry . University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign School of Chemical Sciences. 2015. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2017-05-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-07-01 .
  31. ^ Abbott? Steve? Jensen? Carsten? Aaserud? Finn? Kragh? Helge? Rudinger? Erik? Stuewer? Roger H. (????? 2000). "Controversy and Consensus: Nuclear Beta Decay 1911-1934" . The Mathematical Gazette . ?. 84 ?. 500: 382. DOI : 10.2307/3621743 . ISBN : 9783034884440 . JSTOR : 3621743 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-07-09 .
  32. ^ Lagowski? Joseph J. (1997). Macmillan encyclopedia of chemistry . New York: Macmillan Reference USA. ?. 2. ?. 1293. ISBN : 0028972252 .
  33. ^ Paul W. Frame. "How the Curie Came to Be" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-04-30 .
  34. ^ ? ? ? ? ? Hurwic? Anna (1995). Pierre Curie, Translated by Lilananda Dasa and Joseph Cudnik . Paris: Flammarion. ISBN : 9782082115629 .
  35. ^ Warren Allen Smith (2000). Who's who in hell: a handbook and international directory for humanists, freethinkers, naturalists, rationalists, and non-theists. Barricade Books. p. 259. ( ???? 9781569801581 ). Retrieved 4 February 2017. Curie, Pierre (1859?1906) A co-discoverer of radium, Pierre Curie was an atheist.

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