한국   대만   중국   일본 
????? (?????) - ????????? ????? ??? ???????

????? (?????)

?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
?????
????? ?????
????? ?????? ?????
Bursa
خريطة
??????????
40°11′N 29°04′E  /  40.183°N 29.067°E  / 40.183; 29.067
??????? 202 ?.?
????? ?????
  ??????   ?????
  ??????? ?????
  ?????? ?????
????? ??
???????
  ???? ??? ?????? ( AKP )
????? ???????
 ????? 11043 ??????? ????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P2046) في ويكي بيانات
 ????? 1?036 ?? 2 (400 ??? 2 )
?????? 100 ? (300 ???)
??? ?????? (2021)
 ????? 3?147?818
  ??????? ???????? 1?508?52/?? 2 (3?907?0/??? 2 )
  ??? 211644 (1965)
275953 (1970)
346103 (1975)
445113 (1980)
612510 (1985)   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P6343) في ويكي بيانات
  ??? 95109 (1965)
103531 (1970)
119554 (1975)
162108 (1980)
135848 (1985)   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P6344) في ويكي بيانات
  ??? ???? 2?605?495
??????? ????
????? ????? EET ( ?.?.?+2 )
  ????? ???? EEST ( ?.?.? +3 )
????? ??????? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P37) في ويكي بيانات
??? ????? 1600
??? ?????? (+90) 224
??? ??????? 750269   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1566) في ويكي بيانات
??????? ??????
Licence plate 16
?????? ?????? www.bursa.bel.tr
???? ??? ????? (?????)  - ????????? ?????  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P935) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

????? ( ???????? : Bursa )? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? . ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? . ??? ??? ?????? 3.147.818 ????. [6] [7] ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? 2022 .

???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1326 ? 1365 (??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ). ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? (?????????) ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? "Ye?il Bursa" ????? ≪????? ???????≫ ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????. ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????. ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????.

????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? 1326? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? (???????) ???? ??????? ???? 186 ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? Prusa (???????) ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????. ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? 73 ?.? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? (?????) ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??? 1326.

????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? 1402 ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? 1413 ?? ??? ????? ??????? ( ??????????? ) ??? 1453 ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? 1.057.016 ???? ??? 1998.

????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? (?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????.

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? 2496? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? 250-300? ????? ??????? ????? ? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? 650 ?1000? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? (????? ???? ??????? 5.4 ?????) ???? ????? (24.2 ????) ?????? ??? (42.6 ????) ?????? ??? (???? 19.6 ????) ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? 725?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????.

????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ( ???????? :  Gilomboz )? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ( ???????? :  Gok )?. ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????.

?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ????? ?????? ( ????? ???? ?????? :Csa)? [8] ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? (Csa) ??? ????? ???????? ??????.

????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????. [9]

???????? ???????? ??????? (1991?2020? ?????? 1928?2020)
????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????
?????? ?????? °? (°?) 25.2
(77.4) 		26.9
(80.4) 		32.5
(90.5) 		36.2
(97.2) 		37.0
(98.6) 		41.3
(106.3) 		43.8
(110.8) 		42.6
(108.7) 		40.3
(104.5) 		37.3
(99.1) 		31.0
(87.8) 		27.3
(81.1) 		43.8
(110.8)
????? ???? ??????? ?????? °? (°?) 9.8
(49.6) 		11.4
(52.5) 		14.6
(58.3) 		19.2
(66.6) 		24.4
(75.9) 		28.9
(84.0) 		31.5
(88.7) 		31.7
(89.1) 		27.6
(81.7) 		22.2
(72.0) 		16.6
(61.9) 		11.5
(52.7) 		20.8
(69.4)
??????? ?????? °? (°?) 5.4
(41.7) 		6.5
(43.7) 		9.0
(48.2) 		13.0
(55.4) 		18.1
(64.6) 		22.6
(72.7) 		25.1
(77.2) 		25.2
(77.4) 		20.8
(69.4) 		15.9
(60.6) 		10.7
(51.3) 		7.0
(44.6) 		14.9
(58.8)
????? ???? ??????? ?????? °? (°?) 1.7
(35.1) 		2.4
(36.3) 		4.1
(39.4) 		7.4
(45.3) 		12.0
(53.6) 		16.2
(61.2) 		18.4
(65.1) 		18.7
(65.7) 		14.8
(58.6) 		10.8
(51.4) 		6.0
(42.8) 		3.3
(37.9) 		9.6
(49.3)
???? ???? ????? °? (°?) ?20.5
(?4.9) 		?19.6
(?3.3) 		?10.5
(13.1) 		?4.2
(24.4) 		0.8
(33.4) 		4.0
(39.2) 		8.3
(46.9) 		7.6
(45.7) 		3.3
(37.9) 		?1.0
(30.2) 		?8.4
(16.9) 		?17.9
(?0.2) 		?20.5
(?4.9)
?????? ?? (???) 79.2
(3.12) 		78.2
(3.08) 		74.9
(2.95) 		68.6
(2.70) 		47.9
(1.89) 		42.8
(1.69) 		14.3
(0.56) 		17.5
(0.69) 		50.1
(1.97) 		84.4
(3.32) 		67.3
(2.65) 		93.9
(3.70) 		719.1
(28.31)
????? ???? ???? ??????? 14.87 13.60 13.40 11.43 9.63 7.30 3.33 3.60 6.77 10.67 10.93 14.53 119.8
????? ??????? ??????? (%) 77 76 75 72 71 65 62 64 67 75 78 78 72
????? ???? ????? ??????? 83.7 90.4 124.0 165.0 217.0 264.0 300.7 275.9 217.0 145.7 111.0 77.5 2?071?9
????? ???? ????? ??????? 2.7 3.2 4.0 5.5 7.0 8.8 9.7 8.9 7.0 4.7 3.7 2.5 5.6
?????? #1: ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? [10]
?????? #2: ???? ????? ????????? (??????? 1973?1993) [11]

???????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????.

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????:

??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????.

????? ??????? .
????? ????? ??????? .

??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? (?? ???????? ??? 7000 ????? ???? ?????? ???????) ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????.

??????? ??????? ?? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ?? ?????:

????? [ ??? ]

  • ?????? ??????
  • ?????? ??????
  • ???????? ???????
  • ????? ?????????
  • ????? ???? ????
  • ?????? ????????? ???????
  • ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????
  • ????? ????? Kaplıkaya Cazibe Merkezi
  • ??????? ???????? ?? ????? BURSA Kulturpark
  • ?????? ???? Botanik Parkı
  • ?????? ???? Podyum Park

[12]

?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? "???? ?????".

???? ????? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????

???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? [13] ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ≪???????≫. ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????: ≪ ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ≫. ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? 1855? ? [14] ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????.

??? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? (( ???????? : Uluda? )?) ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???: ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? (( ???????? : Mudanya )?) ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????.

???? ?????????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????????? (( ???????? : Cumalikizik )?) ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? 300 ????? ??? ????? 665 ??? ? 140 ???? (???)? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? 14-18 °?.

????? [15] [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ?????? ?????? (?????)
???? ???? ???? : "?????? ??????" ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? 1419? ?????? ????? ??????

?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ≪ ???? ??????? ???? ????? ≫ ???? ????? ??? 1419?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????. [19]

??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? 11 ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? 1402?.

???? ????? ?????? ≪???????≫ ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????.

"?????? ??????" ?? ??????. ?????? ??????? ??????? "?????? ??????? ???? ????? ".
???? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????.

???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ≪ ?????? ?????? ≫ ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????.

???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (??????? ???? ???????) ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ≪????? ?????≫ ( Cuerda seca ) ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????.

?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ( ???????? : Vakıflar Genel Mudurlu?u ) ?????? ?? ??? ????? 2010? ?2012?.

??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? 2014?.

??? ?????? ??? ≪ ?????? ?????? ≫ ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????.

(اضغط لتكبير الصورة أو حرّك المؤشر لرؤية كامل المنظر) منظر شامل (بانوراما) من داخل الجامع الأخضر مأخوذ من أمام المحراب الذي لا يظهر في الصورة لأنه يقع في ظهر المُصَوِّر. يُلاحَظ أن الأواوين الأربعة المفتوحة على الردهة (الصالة المركزية التي تتوسطها النافورة في الصورة) أعلى من مستوى أرضية الردهة، بما في ذلك الإيوان الخامس الذي التُقطت منه الصورة.
( ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? )
???? ???? (????????) ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????????.
??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? (?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????) ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????.


???? ???? ???? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ???? : ???? "???? ????" ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? 1399? ?????? ????? ??????
??????? ???????: ???? ???? ????
???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ≪ ???? ???? ≫.

???? ???? ???? (???? ????? ??????) ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 1396? ??? 1400? . ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????.

??? ???? ≪ ?????? ???? ≫ ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? .

???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? " ???? ???? ".

???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? 1516?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? (????? ????) ??? 1517? ??????? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????.

????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? 1399? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????.

???? ?????? ???? (????????) ?? ???? ???? ≪???? ????≫ ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????.
?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? (???????) ??????. ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????. ? "?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????.
???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????.

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? 1973? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? .

???? ??? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????.

???? ?????? ????????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????.

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????.

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? T ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????.

???? ????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ https://www.pleven.bg/bg/pobratimeni-gradove/bursa-turtsiya . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  2. ^ https://www.plovdiv.bg/en/about-plovdiv/побратимени-градове/ . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  3. ^ https://www.vmr.gov.ua/en/twin-cities#parentHorizontalTab5 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  4. ^ . ?. 37 http://web.archive.org/web/20160816045246/http://www.chiangmai.go.th/meet_file/sarupCM2557.pdf . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2016-08-16. {{ ??????? ??? }} : |archive-url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  5. ^ https://goridcentr.csgpb.by/pobratimy/virtualnaya-ekskursiya/bursa-turetskaya-respublika/ . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  6. ^ "??? ???? ????? 2022" . ????? ????? . 21 ?????? 2021. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-11-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-05-19 .
  7. ^ "Bursa Nufusu" . www.nufusu.com (????????). Archived from the original on 2022-04-09 . Retrieved 2022-05-19 .
  8. ^ "Turkey Climate: Average Temperature, Weather by Month & Weather for Turkey - Climate-Data.org" . en.climate-data.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-10-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-10-12 .
  9. ^ Sari? Mehmet Ferhat? Tasdemir? Yucel? Esen? Fatma (3 ????? 2019). "Major air pollutants in Bursa, Turkey: their levels, temporal changes, interactions, and sources" . Environmental Forensics . ?. 20 ?. 2: 182?195. DOI : 10.1080/15275922.2019.1597782 . ISSN : 1527-5922 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-10-12.
  10. ^ "Resmi ?statistikler: ?llerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991?2020)" (????????). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Archived from the original on 2021-08-27 . Retrieved 2021-04-24 .
  11. ^ "Klimatafel von Bursa / Turkei" (PDF) . Baseline climate means (1961?1990) from stations all over the world (??????????). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-31 . Retrieved 2019-01-12 .
  12. ^ ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? 2019-05-11 ?? Wayback Machine
  13. ^ ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? (1988). ????? ?????? ???????????? . ????? - ?????? : ??? ????? ??????. ?. 14.
  14. ^ ??????? ??????; ?????: ?????? ???? ( 2006 ). ??????? ???????? ???????????: ????????? ???????? (??????????) (??????? ed.). ??????? - ???????? : ??????? ?????. p. 64. {{ ??????? ????? }} : ???? ?? ??????? ??: |???= ( help ) ????? ?????????: ??? ??? ?????? ( link )
  15. ^ (????????) ????? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ?????, ???? ???? 28 ????? 2012 ???? ?????? 2017-06-01 ?? Wayback Machine
  16. ^ ≪ Town Twinnings and international relations. ≫ ???? ?????? 2014-05-02 ?? Wayback Machine sur le site officiel de la ville de ???????? . ???? ?????? 2016-06-17 ?? Wayback Machine
  17. ^ ≪ International Oulu - Twin towns. ≫ ???? ?????? 2012-02-26 ?? Wayback Machine sur le site officiel de la ville d' ???? .
  18. ^ ≪ Turkey's Bursa, Kosovo's Pristina become sister cities. ≫ sur Worldbulletin.net . ???? ?????? 2016-06-01 ?? Wayback Machine
  19. ^ "Ye?il Cami - Tarihi Yapılar" . Tarihi Yapılar (?tr-TR). 11 Apr 2016. Archived from the original on 2018-06-14 . Retrieved 2018-02-01 . {{ ??????? ???? }} : ????? ?????????: ??? ??? ?????? ( link )
?????? ?? ≪ https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=?????_(?????)&oldid=65605334 ≫