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??? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? 429 - 532 ??/1047 - 1138 ?. ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? 429 ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? (454 ?? - 1062) ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? 455 ?? /1063 ? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??. ^[1]^[2]

???? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? 453 ?? ??? ??? 569 ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ^[3] ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???.

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???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? . ^[4]

???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ^[5] ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ^[6]

????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???.

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???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? 473 ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????.

?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? 475 ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? 479 ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? 481 ??. ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? 484 ??.

????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? 495 ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? 513 ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 520 ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? 533 ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? 548 ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? 560 ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? 440 ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? 461 ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? 532 ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????: ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? 504 ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? 547 ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???.

?????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ???? ??? 1138? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? 91 ????. ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? . ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]


?	??? ??????	???? ????? ??????	???? ????? ????????
1	??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????	429 - 473 ??	1037 - 1080 ?
2	???? ?????? ?? ???	473 - 484 ??	1080 - 1091 ?
3	??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????	484 - 495 ??	1091 - 1098 ?
4	???? ??? ???? ???????	495 - 532 ??	1098 - 1138 ?

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ Kamal S. Salibi (15 ?????? 1998). The Modern History of Jordan . I.B.Tauris. ?. 54. ISBN : 978-1-86064-331-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-06-11 .
^ Contemporary Yemen: politics and historical background, By B. R. Pridham, pg.12-14 ???? ?????? 2017-06-18 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ? 713
^ ?. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? (????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? , ??????? ??? ????? ?????? , ?1 11982
^ ?????? /???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? 30/12/2010?. ???? ?????? 2013-04-11 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? 2015-01-24 ?? Wayback Machine

??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? : ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????.

[1] Kamal S. Salibi (15 ?????? 1998). The Modern History of Jordan . I.B.Tauris. ?. 54. ISBN : 978-1-86064-331-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-06-11 .

[2] Contemporary Yemen: politics and historical background, By B. R. Pridham, pg.12-14 ???? ?????? 2017-06-18 ?? Wayback Machine

[3] ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ? 713

[4] ?. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? (????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? , ??????? ??? ????? ?????? , ?1 11982

[5] ?????? /???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? 30/12/2010?. ???? ?????? 2013-04-11 ?? Wayback Machine

[6] ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? 2015-01-24 ?? Wayback Machine

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