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( ?????????? : Publius Helvius Pertinax )?
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??????	28 ???? 0193 (66 ???) ; ????
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	?? ?????? ; 175 ? 185
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	?? ?????? ; 1 ????? 193 ? 28 ???? 193
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	????? ????? - ?????

??????? ??????? ???????? ( ?????????? : Publius Helvius Pertinax Augustus )? (1 ?????? 126- 28 ????? 193) ??? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? 193. ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????.

??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? 161-166 ? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? .

???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????????. ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???. ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???.

????? ????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ^[1] ????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ^[2] ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????. ^[3]

?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ^[4] ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ????????? (???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????)? ^[5] ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? . ^[6] ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? . ^[1] ?? ??? 175? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ^[7] ???? ??? 185? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ^[5]

???? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????. ^[8] ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????. ^[9] ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????. ^[5] ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 187? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ^[10]

??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? 188 ??? ??? 189? ^[11] ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ^[12] ??? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??. ^[5]

?????????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? 31 ?????? 192. ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ^[13] ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????. ^[14] ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? 87 ????? ???????. ^[15] ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? (??? ??????) ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????. ^[16]

??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ^[13] ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????. ^[17]^[18] ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? (????????) ?? 74% ??? 87%- ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? 2.22 ???? ??? 2.75 ????. ^[19]

???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ????????. ^[20] ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????. ^[21] ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????. ^[22]

??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? 28 ???? 193? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????????? ^[23] ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ???????? (??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???). ^[24] ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??. ^[21] ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????. ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????????. ^[25]

??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ^[26] ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? (???? ??? ???? ????????????)? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????. ^[13]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? Dio, 74:3
^ Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 1:1
^ Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 1:6
^ Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 2:1
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? Birley (2005) , p. 173. ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "FOOTNOTEBirley2005" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.
^ Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 2:4
^ Meckler (1997) .
^ Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 3:3
^ Dio, 74:4
^ Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 3:10
^ Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 4:1
^ Victor, 18:2
^ ^? ^? ^? Campbell (2005) , p. 1. ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "FOOTNOTECampbell2005" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.
^ Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 4:5
^ Dio 74:6 (accurate)
^ Gibbon (1788) , chapter 4.
^ Dio, 74:5
^ Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 7:8
^ Kenneth W. Harl (1999). "Roman Currency of the Principate" . Tulane University. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-11-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-12-01 .
^ Zosimus, 1:8
^ ^? ^? Dio, 74:8
^ Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 10:4
^ Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 11:1
^ Dio, 74:9
^ Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 11:7
^ Dio, 74:10

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

Pertinax at Livius.Org
"Publius Helvius Pertinax" . ???????? ??????????? . ???????: ???? ????? ???????. 1913.
PERTINAX, A ROMAN EMPEROR

??????? ????????
???? Ulpius Marcellus	Roman governors of Britain c. 185 ? 187	???? Unknown, then ??????? ???????
???? Lucius Calpurnius Piso, Publius Salvius Julianus	Consul of the ???????????? ????????? 175 ?? ?????? ????????	???? Titus Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio , Marcus Flavius Aper
???? Popilius Pedo Apronianus and Marcus Valerius Bradua Mauricus	???? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??????? 192	???? Quintus Pompeius Sosius Falco and Gaius Iulius Erucius Clarus Vibianus
?????
???? ???????	????? ???????? ??????? 193	???? ????? ????????

???????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[dio_74:3-1] ? ^? Dio, 74:3

[2] Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 1:1

[3] Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 1:6

[4] Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 2:1

[FOOTNOTEBirley2005-5] ? ^? ^? ^? Birley (2005) , p. 173. ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "FOOTNOTEBirley2005" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.

[6] Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 2:4

[FOOTNOTEMeckler1997-7] Meckler (1997) .

[8] Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 3:3

[dio_74:4-9] Dio, 74:4

[10] Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 3:10

[11] Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 4:1

[12] Victor, 18:2

[FOOTNOTECampbell2005-13] ? ^? ^? Campbell (2005) , p. 1. ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "FOOTNOTECampbell2005" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.

[14] Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 4:5

[15] Dio 74:6 (accurate)

[FOOTNOTEGibbon1788-16] Gibbon (1788) , chapter 4.

[dio_74:5-17] Dio, 74:5

[18] Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 7:8

[19] Kenneth W. Harl (1999). "Roman Currency of the Principate" . Tulane University. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-11-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-12-01 .

[20] Zosimus, 1:8

[dio_74:8-21] ? ^? Dio, 74:8

[22] Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 10:4

[23] Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 11:1

[dio_74:9-24] Dio, 74:9

[25] Historia Augusta, Pertinax , 11:7

[dio_74:10-26] Dio, 74:10

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