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??????? ?????? 1846  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P585) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

??????? ?????? ( ?????????? : Powstanie krakowskie) ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 1846? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????. ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ≪????? ?????? ?????≫. ??? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ???????????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????.

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???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1795? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????????? (??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ). [1] [2] ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????: ??????? ??????????? ?????????. [2] [3] ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????. [2] [4] ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? . [5] ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????. [6]

???? ????????? ?? ???? ??? 20 ??????. [6] ???? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? . [5] [1] ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. [7] [8] ?? ?? ??? 22 ?????? ????? ????? ?????. [8] ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ≪???? ????? ?????????≫? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? (corvee)? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? . [8] [6]

???? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????: ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? 24 ?????? (??? ??? ??? ????? ????????: ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? [9] [10] ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????). [5] [11] [12] ?? ??? 27 ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????. [5] [8]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ ? ? Hans Henning Hahn (1 ???? 2001). "The Polish Nation in the Revolution of 1846?49" . ?? Dieter Dowe (??????). Europe in 1848: revolution and reform . Berghahn Books. ?. 171?172. ISBN : 978-1-57181-164-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-02-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-03 .
  2. ^ ? ? ? Hans Henning Hahn (1 ???? 2001). "The Polish Nation in the Revolution of 1846?49" . ?? Dieter Dowe (??????). Europe in 1848: revolution and reform . Berghahn Books. ?. 173. ISBN : 978-1-57181-164-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-02-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-03 .
  3. ^ Alicja Deck-partyka (30 ????? 2006). Poland: A Unique Country & Its People . AuthorHouse. ?. 40?41. ISBN : 978-1-4678-0448-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-07-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-03 .
  4. ^ Paul Robert Magocsi? Jean W. Sedlar? Robert A. Kann? Charles Jevich? Joseph Rothschild (1974). A History of East Central Europe: The lands of partitioned Poland, 1795?1918 . University of Washington Press. ?. 133. ISBN : 978-0-295-80361-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-12-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-04 .
  5. ^ ? ? ? ? Hans Henning Hahn (1 ???? 2001). "The Polish Nation in the Revolution of 1846?49" . ?? Dieter Dowe (??????). Europe in 1848: revolution and reform . Berghahn Books. ?. 174. ISBN : 978-1-57181-164-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-02-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-03 .
  6. ^ ? ? ? Halina Lerski (30 ????? 1996). Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966?1945 . ABC-CLIO. ?. 90?91. ISBN : 978-0-313-03456-5 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-02-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-03 .
  7. ^ Rocznik Biblioteki Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie . Zakład Narodowy im. Ossoli?skich, Wydawn. Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1963. ?. 255. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-02-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-03 .
  8. ^ ? ? ? ? Norman Davies (24 ?????? 2005). God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume II: 1795 to the Present . Oxford University Press. ?. 248?250. ISBN : 978-0-19-925340-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-01-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-03 .
  9. ^ Agnieszka Barbara Nance (2008). Literary and Cultural Images of a Nation Without a State: The Case of Nineteenth-century Poland . Peter Lang. ?. 62?64. ISBN : 978-0-8204-7866-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-07-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-03 .
  10. ^ Paul Robert Magocsi? Jean W. Sedlar? Robert A. Kann? Charles Jevich? Joseph Rothschild (1974). A History of East Central Europe: The lands of partitioned Poland, 1795?1918 . University of Washington Press. ?. 134. ISBN : 978-0-295-80361-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-12-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-04 .
  11. ^ Julian Dybiec (1970). Michał Wiszniewski, ?ycie i tworczo?? . Zakład Narodowy im. Ossoli?skich. ?. 355. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-02-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-03 .
  12. ^ Halina Lerski (30 ????? 1996). Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966?1945 . ABC-CLIO. ?. 616. ISBN : 978-0-313-03456-5 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-02-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-03 .
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