??????? ?? ?????

??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? 1979 .

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1906? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? 1925-1941? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????. ???? ??????? 1941 ??? 1953? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????.

?? 15 ???? 1951? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????-??????? (???? ???? ?????? ???????? ). ?? ??? 1953? ??? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? . ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???????.

??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????. ^[1] ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? (??? 1964) ?????? (??? 1973) ???????? (??? 1991). ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????. ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ^[2]^[3]

??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? . ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????.

?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? 1978 ?1979 ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1980? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? .

?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? . ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? 1979 ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????. ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? 1980 ?1981? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???????.

?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? 2000? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ^[4]^[5] ???????? ??? ?????. ^[6] ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? - ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? - ?? ????? ???????? ??? ≪???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????≫. ??? ??? ?? ≪????? ??? ????? ?????? (??? ????? ??????? ???????) ???? ?????≫ ????? ≪??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????≫. ^[7]

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? .

?? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????. ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? [[??????? ??????? ??? ?????.

??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????. ^[8]

??????? ???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Kinzer, Stephen, All the Shah's Men : An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror , Stephen Kinzer, John Wiley and Sons, 2003, p.5, 6, 210
^ Keddie, Nikki R., Roots of Revolution, Yale University Press, 1981, p.140
^ Kinzer, Stephen, All the Shah's Men : An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror , Stephen Kinzer, John Wiley and Sons, 2003, p.211
^ Molavi, Afshin, The Soul of Iran , Norton (2005), p.74
^ Iran Report 2 February 2004 ???? ?????? 15 ?????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Sciolino, Elaine, Persian Mirrors, Touchstone, (2000), p.239, 244
^ Molavi, Afshin, The Soul of Iran , Norton (2005), p.74, 10
^ Reza Pahlavi's Next Revolution: Successor Story, The New Republic, Franklin Foer, Thursday, January 3rd, 2002 ???? ?????? 2007-02-21 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????????

????? ?????

??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[1] Kinzer, Stephen, All the Shah's Men : An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror , Stephen Kinzer, John Wiley and Sons, 2003, p.5, 6, 210

[2] Keddie, Nikki R., Roots of Revolution, Yale University Press, 1981, p.140

[3] Kinzer, Stephen, All the Shah's Men : An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror , Stephen Kinzer, John Wiley and Sons, 2003, p.211

[4] Molavi, Afshin, The Soul of Iran , Norton (2005), p.74

[5] Iran Report 2 February 2004 ???? ?????? 15 ?????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[6] Sciolino, Elaine, Persian Mirrors, Touchstone, (2000), p.239, 244

[7] Molavi, Afshin, The Soul of Iran , Norton (2005), p.74, 10

[8] Reza Pahlavi's Next Revolution: Successor Story, The New Republic, Franklin Foer, Thursday, January 3rd, 2002 ???? ?????? 2007-02-21 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

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