한국   대만   중국   일본 
???????? ?? ??????? - ????????? ????? ??? ???????

???????? ?? ???????

?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
????????? ?????? ?????????????: ???? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????? .

????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? 1,000 ??? 1,100 ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????. [1] [2] [3] ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ? [4] ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? . ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? 0.1% ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? . [5]

??? ????? ?? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????? [6] ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? 100 ??? 200 ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????. [7] ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????. [8] ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ? [9] ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????. [10] ?? ??? 1928 ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ≪??????? ???????????≫ ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? . [11] ??? ??? 1940 ??? ???? ????? 40,000 ?? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????? . [12] ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? . [13]

?? ??? 1950 ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 90,000 ???? ???? ???? ?? 40,000 ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? 7,000 ?????? ????????. [14] ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? [15] ????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???????. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????. [2] ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? . [2]

????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. [16] ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???. [17] ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? 1480 ? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? "?????? ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? "???? ??????" ????? ??? ???? "??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ". [18] ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????. [16] ?? ??? 1542 ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????. [16] ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? . [16]

?????? ??????????? [ ??? ]

????????? ?????? : ???? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ???????.

?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????. ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????? ≪????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????≫ [19] ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ≪??????? ???????? ??????≫ ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? . [20] ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? 1,500 ???? ?????? ???????? .

???? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ? [9] ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????. [10] ??? ??? 1895 ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????. [21] [22] ?? ??? 1903 ??? ≪?????? ??????????≫ ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???????. ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ?????? ?? ??? 350 ?????? 400 ???. ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1913 ? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? 100 ??? 200 ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????. [7] ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????. [8] ?? ??? 1928 ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ≪??????? ???????????≫ ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? . [11] ????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? 1980 . ?? ??? 1940 ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? 40,000 ?? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????? . [12] ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? . [13]

??? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? 1942 ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??? 1950 ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? 90,000 ???? ???? ???? ?? 40,000 ?? ??????????? ?? ??? ?? ??? 50,000 ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? 7,000 ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????. [14] ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? 1979. [23]

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? .

??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? 1960 ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????????. ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? 21 ?????? ??? 1969 . ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ???????. [16] ?? ??? 1972 ? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????. ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? 30 ??? ????. [16] ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????. ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????. ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? . ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????. [16] ?? ?????? ??? 1971 ? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? 20 ?????? ??? 1975 . [16]

??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 1980 ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????. [16] ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????. ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????. [16]

????? ??????? ????????? [ ??? ]

????? ????????? ??????.

??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? [15] ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? 100 ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? 2004 ? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? 8,500 ??? ?? ??? 1950 ? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? 1989 ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????????. [24] ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 1990 ? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????????. ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? 1991 . ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ???. [16] ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 2006 ? ?????? ??????? ????????. [25]

????? ??? 1998 ? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? 500 ??? ?? ???????. [16] ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? 10 ?????? ??? 1998 ? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. [16] ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????. [16] ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????. ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????. [2] ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? [26] ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????. [27] ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ≪???????≫ ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????. [2]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2017. [28]

???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????. [16] ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????. [16] ?? ??? 2009 ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? . [29] [30] ?? ????? ??? 2008 ? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? . [31] ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? 2009 ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. [32] ??? ?????? ?? ??? 2011? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 2012 . [33] ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 2012 ?? ≪ ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????????≫. [29] ?? ????? ?? ??? 2013 ? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??????. [34]

?? ?????? ?? ??? 2013 ? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????. [35] ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? . [36] [37] ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????. [16] [36] ?? ??? 2017 ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ≪???? ??????≫? [38] ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? 29 ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? [38] ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? 70 ????? ???? ????? ?????????. [38] ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????. [38]

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????????????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ? [39] ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. [40] ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? . [41] ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????. [42]

??????????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? 1941 .

??????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? . ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? 100 ?? ??????? ??? 2004 ????? ?????? ?? ???????? [43] ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? 8,500 ???????? ?? ??? 1950 ????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????. [44] ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? . ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????. [43] ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????. [43]

???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????? 100 ??? 200 ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? . [45] ??? ??? 1940 ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? 40,000 ?? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????? . [36]

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ Report for the U.S. Department of Justice: Somalia: Treatment of Religious Minorities ???? ?????? 2020-09-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  2. ^ ? ? ? ? ? "Almost expunged: Somalia's Embattled [[???????]]" . 22 ?????? 2009. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-10-22 . {{ ??????? ???? }} : ????? ???? ?? ???? ( ?????? )
  3. ^ Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009). "World Population Prospects, Table A.1" (PDF) . 2008 revision. United Nations. ????? ?? ????? (.PDF) ?? 2018-10-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-03-12 . {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }} : ????????? ?????? ????? ???? |????? ?????= ( ?????? )
  4. ^ A study on minorities in Somalia [ ???? ?????? ] ???? ?????? 2009-05-12 ?? Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "The Global Religious Landscape" (PDF) . Pew Research Center. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2013-08-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-12-27 .
  6. ^ "Mapping Archeology in Somaliland" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2021-07-07. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }} : ????????? ?????? ????? ???? |????? ?????= ( ?????? )
  7. ^ ? ? Charles George Herbermann, The Catholic encyclopedia: an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the Catholic church , Volume 14, (Robert Appleton company: 1913), p.139.
  8. ^ ? ? Charles Henry Robinson, History of Christian Missions , (READ BOOKS: 2007), p. 356.
  9. ^ ? ? Gresleri, G. Mogadiscio ed il Paese dei Somali: una identita negata . p. 45.
  10. ^ ? ? Lucia Ceci. "Il Vessillo e la Croce" (pp. 27-168). ???? ?????? 2017-08-13 ?? Wayback Machine
  11. ^ ? ? The Catholic missionaries of "Consolata" promoted by governor De Vecchi (in Italian) ???? ?????? 2017-10-19 ?? Wayback Machine
  12. ^ ? ? Tripodi, Paolo. The Colonial Legacy in Somalia . p. 66
  13. ^ ? ? Photo of Somali Bantu with a Missionary of the "Consolata" in 1937 ???? ?????? 2016-03-04 ?? Wayback Machine
  14. ^ ? ? Montanelli wrote in the first Borghese editions; John Francis Lane. "Obituary: Indro Montanelli" . The Guardian . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-19.
  15. ^ ? ? Gresleri, G. Mogadiscio ed il Paese dei Somali: una identita negata , p. 96.
  16. ^ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? R. Ross? Kenneth (2017). Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa . Edinburgh University Press. ?. 151-160. ISBN : 9781474412049 .
  17. ^ Abir? Mordechai (1968). Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes; The Challenge of Islam and the Re-unification of the Christian Empire (1769?1855) . London: Longmans. ?. 15. Abir defines the Sahil as "the coast," which stretched from the ???? ???? to ??? ????     [???? ????] ‏
  18. ^ Polo? Marco (1958). The Travels of Marco Polo . Translated and introduction by Ronald Latham. ??? ?????? ????? . ?.  296 ?297. ISBN : 978-0-14-044057-7 .
  19. ^ Saadia Touval (?????? 1999). Somali Nationalism: International Politics and the Drive for Unity in the Horn of Africa . Iuniverse Inc. ?. 56. ISBN : 978-1-58348-411-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-10-05.
  20. ^ Richard H. Shultz ? Andrea J. Dew (2006). Insurgents, terrorists, and militias: the warriors of contemporary combat . Columbia University Press. ?.  67 . ISBN : 978-0-231-12982-4 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-03.
  21. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20190503135353/http://www.hartfordinfo.org/issues/wsd/immigrants/somali_bantu.pdfHistory of Somali Bantu] ???? ?????? 2020-01-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  22. ^ Tripodi, Paolo. The Colonial Legacy in Somalia . p. 65.
  23. ^ "Version Information" . Bible Gateway. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-12-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-04-07 .
  24. ^ "Former Somali government killed bishop, Christians charge" . Catholic World News . Trinity Communications. 16 ????? 2003. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-10-18 .
  25. ^ "Widspread [sic] desecration of Christian graves in Somalia" . Catholic World News . Trinity Communications. 19 ????? 2005. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-10-18 .
  26. ^ Widspread [sic] desecration of Christian graves in Somalia ???? ?????? 2017-10-19 ?? Wayback Machine
  27. ^ Shabaab rebels destroy grave and mosque in Somalia ???? ?????? 2015-09-24 ?? Wayback Machine
  28. ^ 2017 Report on International Religious Freedom - Somalia ???? ?????? 2021-01-17 ?? Wayback Machine
  29. ^ ? ? Somalia: Treatment of: Religious Minorities ???? ?????? 2019-12-06 ?? Wayback Machine
  30. ^ ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? 2018-08-09 ?? Wayback Machine
  31. ^ Morgan, Francis. Vacation Goose Travel Guide Mogadishu Somalia (???????????). Soffer Publishing. Archived from the original on 2022-05-12.
  32. ^ "Al Shabaab Reportedly Beheads 4 Christians, Rips Gold Teeth From Locals' Mouths" . FOX News. 12 ????? 2009. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-05-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-06-11 .
  33. ^ "Islamic Extremists Behead Another Convert in Somalia" . The Christian Post . Compass Direct News . 9 ?????? 2012. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-08-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-06-23 .
  34. ^ "AFRICA/SOMALIA - "I found signs of hope," said Bishop Bertin who has just returned from Mogadishu" . Agenzia Fides. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-10-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-01-24 .
  35. ^ Khalif? Abdulkadir (25 ?????? 2013). "Somalia bans Christmas celebrations" . Daily Nation . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-12-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-01-03 .
  36. ^ ? ? ? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? 2016-09-21 ?? Wayback Machine
  37. ^ ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? "??????????" ??? ??????? ???? ?????? 2016-01-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  38. ^ ? ? ? ? Somaliland's only Catholic church closed days after re-opening due to 'public pressures' ???? ?????? 2020-09-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  39. ^ A History of the Expansion of Christianity (volume Vi) the Great Century in Northern Africa and Asia A.d. 1800-a.d. 1914 , (Taylor & Francis), p.35.
  40. ^ World Christian Encyclopedia , (2nd edition), Volume 1, p. 673
  41. ^ Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East [ ???? ?????? ] ???? ?????? 2012-03-08 ?? Wayback Machine
  42. ^ Global Mission’s Top 10 Places to Pray for ? REGION: NORTH Africa ? Somalia ???? ?????? 2011-10-01 ?? Wayback Machine
  43. ^ ? ? ? Somalia: Hidden Christians ???? ?????? 2020-09-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  44. ^ Catholic Church in Somalia ???? ?????? 2016-12-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  45. ^   "Somaliland" . ???????? ??????????? . ???????: ???? ????? ???????. 1913.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

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