한국   대만   중국   일본 
??????? ???????? ?????? - ????????? ????? ??? ???????

??????? ???????? ??????

?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
??????? ???????? ??????
???????????? ?????? ????????
?????? ???? ???
????? ???????
???? ??????
???????
????? ?? 1987
????? ???????
????? ?????? ? الصومال ???????
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?????? ???? ???? ?????
??? ???? ????
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ( USC ) ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ??? 1989 ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? 1991 ? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? 1993? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? 2000 ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? (TNG) ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. [1]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? 1990
???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? 1990

???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? 7 ????? 1989 ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? (??? ???????) ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? SODAF ? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? SSDF ??????? ??????? ????????? SNM ? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? 10 ????? ?? ?????? ????????? . [2]

"????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????"

????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 1989 ?? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? 1996 ? [3] ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? (SNA) ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? USC / SNA. [4]

????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 1989 ??? 1991 ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? 1989 ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????????. [5] [6] ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????. [7]

????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? 27 ????? 1991 ? [8] [9] ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? [10] [11] ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? SNM? ??????? ??????? ????????? SPM? ??????? ??????????? ???????? SSDF? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????.

??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? / ??????? ?????? ???????? (USC/SNA)? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? / ????? ??????? ???????? (USC/SSA)? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? (USC/SNA) ??? ????? ??? 1996 ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? (USC/SSA) ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? .

???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? 1998 ? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? (SRRC) ?? ??? 2002 ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? (TNG)? ? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? USC / SSA ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? . [12]

?? ??? 2001 ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? (TNG) ?????? ???? ???? (JVA) ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? 2001 - 2004 . ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? 2004 ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????.

?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? [ ??? ]

  • 1987 - 1991 ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???.
  • 1991 - 1992 ???? ???? ???? ????? (USC Aidid) ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? (USC Mahdi) ??? ????? USC / SNA.
  • 1992 - 1995 ????? ????? ??????? USC / SNA ? USC / SSA ?? ???? ????? ???????.
  • 1995 - 1998 ?????? ???????? ??? ????? USC / SNA ? USC / SSA ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????????.
  • 1998 - 2001 ?????? ????? ?? USC / SSA ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? .
  • 2001 - 2002 ???????? ??????? ??? USC / SSA ??? ???? ???? ???? (SRRC) ? ??? ????? ??? (TNG).
  • 2003 - ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????.

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ "????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? | ???????" . www.albawaba.net . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-08-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-08-17 .
  2. ^ Brons? Maria (1992). Society, Security, Sovereignty and the State in Somalia From Statelessness to Statelessness? . ?. 208. ISBN : 9789057270383 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-05-18.
  3. ^ United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for Somalia (PDF) ? Geneva: ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? 1998? ?. 105? ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2004-01-24
  4. ^ "Sababihii Dhaliyay Burburka Ciidanka XDS Qeybtii 3aad" . snaradio.net (???????????). 27 May 2016. Archived from the original on 2023-08-17 . Retrieved 2023-08-17 .
  5. ^ State, US Department of (1 Feb 1990). "Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1989" . http://archive.org/stream/countryreportson1989unit/countryreportson1989unit_djvu.txt (???????????). Archived from the original on 2023-01-01 . Retrieved 2023-08-17 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????? ?? |????= ( help )
  6. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Victims and Vulnerable Groups in Southern Somalia" . Refworld (???????????). Archived from the original on 2022-10-05 . Retrieved 2023-08-17 .
  7. ^ Media, Maqaalmaal (28 Jul 2020). "Taariikh-Nololeedkii Jeneraal Maxamed Farah Caydiid" . Maqaalmaal Media (???????????). Archived from the original on 2023-08-17 . Retrieved 2023-08-17 .
  8. ^ "???????.. ????? ??????" . www.aljazeera.net . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-08-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-08-17 .
  9. ^ "???????: ???? ???????? ??? ???????" . The New Humanitarian . 25 ????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-08-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-08-17 .
  10. ^ Review? The Weekly (1992). The Weekly Review . Stellascope Limited. ?. 36. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-05.
  11. ^ Review? The Weekly (1992). The Weekly Review . Stellascope Limited. ?. 37. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-05.
  12. ^ "SOMALIA: At least 12 killed in Mogadishu fighting" . ????????? ???????     [???? ????] ‏. 26 ?????? 2002. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-08-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-02-07 . {{ ??????? ???? }} : ????? ?????????: ?????? ????? ????? ( link )

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?? ≪ https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=???????_????????_??????&oldid=64972249 ≫