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??? ??	??????? ... United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2200 A (en) ? Pactos de Nueva York (es) ? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????
????? ????????	???? ??? ?? ????? ???????
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????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? 2200 ?????? ????????? 16 ????? ??????/??????1966? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? 23 ????/???? 1976 ????? ?????? 49 ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? 35. ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????????. ??????? 168 ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? 2014 ???????? ????? 74 ????? ?? ???? ?????. ^[6]

????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? . ^[7]

?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? (????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????) ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? (????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? 4 ??????). ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? 3 ?????? ??????.

????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? . ????? ≪????? ?????? ???????? ??????≫ ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??? 1945 ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???. ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? 10 ?????? 1948.

?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????.

??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ≪???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????≫. ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????.

????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 1954 ??????? ?? ??? 1966. ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????.

?????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????.

????? ????? 1 (?????? 1) ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ≪????? ?????? ??????? ?????≫ ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????.

????? 2 (?????? 2-5) ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ≪??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???≫ ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????. ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ≪?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????≫ ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????.

????? 3 (?????? 6 - 27) ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ??????:

??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? (?????? 6 ? 7 ? 8).
?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? (?????? 9-11).
??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? (?????? 14 ? 15 ? 16).
?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? (?????? 12 ? 13 ? 17 - 24).
??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? (?????? 20).
???????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? (?????? 25).
??? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? (?????? 26 ? 27).

???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????.

????? 4 (?????? 28 - 45) ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? (???????? 41 ? 42).

????? 5 (?????? 46-47) ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ≪?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????≫.

????? 6 (?????? 48-53) ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????.

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? 6 ?? ????? ?? ≪?? ???? ?? ??????≫ ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????. ?? ≪???? ??????≫ ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????. ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????.

?? ??? ??? ?????? 6 ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ≪???? ??????? ???????≫ ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????. ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ≪??????? ??? ????? ???≫ ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????. ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????.

???? ?????? 7 ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? 6 ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? . ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????.

???? ?????? 8 ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????.

?????? ??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? 9 ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????.

?????? 9.3 ? 9.4 ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???. ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????.

???? ?????? 10 ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ?????? 7 ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???????. ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????. ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????.

???? ?????? 11 ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????.

??????? ????? ?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? 14 ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????. ??? ?????? 14.1 ??? ??????? ????????: ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????.

???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????. ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????????.

???? ?????? 15 ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????. ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????.

???? ?????? 16 ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????.

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? 12 ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????. ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?≪???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????≫.

???? ?????? 13 ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????.

?????? 17 ?? ???? ?? ???????? . ??? ????? ??????? ?????? 17 (1) ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? 23 ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ?????? 17 ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????. ?????? 17 (2) ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???????.

?????? 18 ?? ???? ?????.

?????? 19 ?? ???? ???????.

?????? 20 ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????.

???????? 21 ? 22 ?? ???? ????? ????????. ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? .

?????? 23 ?? ?? ??????. ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? .

?????? 24 ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???.

?????? 27 ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????.

?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? 3 ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????. ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????.

?? ??????? ????? ?????? 26 ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????.

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???? ????? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ?????. ?????????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ?? ????? 2013 ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??? 114 ???.

?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ??????? ?? ????? 2013 ?? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? 77 ???.

???????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????.

????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????.

????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? 10 ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??.

????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????.

??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????.

??????? ???? ?????? 3 (?? ????? ??????) ?18 (???? ?????) ?23 (???? ??????) ?? ???? ??????? ?????????.

????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????????.

????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????.

?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? . ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? 20 ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????.

????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????.

??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???.

????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ?????? 20 ?????? 1. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1961 ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????.

?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???.

???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? 18 ????. ??? ≪???????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????≫ ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? / ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??? ?????? 1 ??????? 15 ?? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? 2 (?) ? 3 ?? ?????? 10 ??????? 4 ?? ?????? 14 ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? 18. ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ≪???????≫ ????? ≪???????≫.

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????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? 167 ??? ???? 67 ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????. ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???.

???????? [ ??? ]

???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? 17 ?? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? 1988. ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? 1992. ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?≪???? ???????≫ ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? (??????? ?????????) ??? 2011. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? (??? ??????? / ????????? ????????) ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????.

????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? (???? ??? ????????? ????????) ???????? ??? (???? ??? ???? ?????????) ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????.

?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????. ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ≪????? ??? ???????≫ ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ≪?????≫ ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????.

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?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1990.

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??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? 1992 ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ≪????? ?????? 1 ?? ???? 27 ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???????≫ ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?≪????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????≫.

??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ≪???≫ ?? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????. ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????????. ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ≪????? ???????≫ ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ?????????.

??? ???? ??? ≪????? ????? ??????≫ ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????.

?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? (????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????) ??????????? ?????? ???? (≪????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????≫) ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????.

????????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ?????? 20 (2) ?? ???????? ????? ?????? 4 ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????.

??? ???????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 1994 ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????:

≪??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????????. ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????????.≫

?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????. ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????. ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????. ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? (?????????? ?????????). ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? "??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? "???????? ??????" ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????.

?? ??? 2006 ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????:

≪???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? (?) ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? (?) ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ? (?) ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????.≫

????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? (?) ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. (?) ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ? (?) ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????.

??????? ?? ?????? 2013 ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? 107 (11-28 ???? 2013) ?109 (14 ?????? - 1 ?????? 2013).

????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??????	????? ???????	????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????	?????????
?????????		24 ????? 1983	????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????????
???????		4 ?????? 1991
???????	10 ?????? 1968	12 ?????? 1989
??????	5 ????? 2002	22 ?????? 2006
??????		10 ????? 1992
?????????	19 ?????? 1968	8 ????? 1986
???????		23 ????? 1993
????????	18 ?????? 1972	13 ????? 1980
??????	10 ?????? 1973	10 ?????? 1978
????????		13 ????? 1992
???????	4 ?????? 2008	23 ?????? 2008
???????		20 ?????? 2006
????????		6 ?????? 2000
????????		5 ????? 1973
?????????	19 ???? 1968	12 ?????? 1973	???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????
??????	10 ?????? 1968	21 ????? 1983
????		10 ????? 1996
????		12 ???? 1992
???????		12 ????? 1982	????? ???? ??????? ???????
??????? ???????		1 ?????? 1993	????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????
????????	8 ?????? 2000	8 ?????? 2000
????????	12 ?????? 1991	24 ????? 1992
???????	8 ?????? 1968	21 ?????? 1970	???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????
??????? ????		4 ????? 1999
???????		9 ???? 1990
???????	17 ?????? 1980	26 ???? 1992	???? ????????? ???????????
?????????		27 ????? 1984
????		19 ???? 1976
????? ??????		6 ????? 1993
??????? ??????? ??????		8 ???? 1981
????		9 ????? 1995
?????	16 ?????? 1969	10 ?????? 1972
?????	5 ?????? 1998 ^[8]^[9]^[10]		???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????. ^[9]^[10] ?? ???? ??? ??? 2014. ^[8]
????????	21 ?????? 1966	29 ?????? 1969
??? ?????	25 ?????? 2008
??????? ??????? ???????????		1 ?????? 1976	???? ???? ?????
??????? ???????		5 ?????? 1983	?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????
?????????	19 ?????? 1966	29 ?????? 1968
???? ?????		26 ???? 1992
???????		12 ?????? 1992	?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????
????	28 ?????? 2008
????	19 ?????? 1966	2 ????? 1969
??????		22 ?????? 1993	?????? ?? 7 ?????? 1968 ?????? ????? ?? 23 ?????? 1975 ???? ??????? ????????????? ??????????
????????	20 ???? 1968	6 ????? 1972
??????		5 ?????? 2002
????????		17 ????? 1993
??????? ???????????		4 ????? 1978
????? ???????		18 ?????? 2003
?????????	4 ????? 1968	6 ???? 1969
???	4 ????? 1967	14 ????? 1982	???? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????
?????????	21 ?????? 1967	30 ?????? 1979
???????		22 ????? 2002
???????		21 ?????? 1991
???????		11 ????? 1993
????? ??????????		25 ?????? 1987
??????	11 ?????? 1967	19 ????? 1975
?????		4 ?????? 1980
???????		21 ????? 1983
??????		22 ???? 1979
??????		3 ????1994
???????	9 ?????? 1968	17 ?????? 1973	???? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?? 23 ???? 1973 ????? ?? 8 ?????? 1973 ?? ???????? ??????????
????	7 ?????? 2000	7 ?????? 2000
???????		5 ???? 1997
???????		6 ?????? 1991
?????????		5 ???? 1992
?????	28 ?????? 1967	24 ????? 1978
????? ?????	12 ?????? 2000	1 ?????? 2010
?????	22 ????? 1968	15 ?????? 1977
?????		6 ?????? 1991
???????	19 ?????? 1966	25 ????? 1997
?????	25 ???? 1969	17 ????? 1974	???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????
???????	30 ?????? 1968	22 ????? 1979
?????		10 ????? 1979
?????????		23 ?????? 2006
?????	4 ????? 1968	24 ????? 1975	???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????
??????	18 ?????? 1969	25 ????? 1971
???????	1 ?????? 1973	8 ?????? 1989
???????	19 ?????? 1966	3 ?????? 1991
???????	18 ????? 1967	15 ?????? 1978
???????	19 ?????? 1966	3 ?????? 1975
???????	30 ???? 1978	21 ????? 1979
??????	30 ????? 1972	28 ???? 1975
?????????	2 ?????? 2003	24 ????? 2006
?????		1 ???? 1972
????? ????????		14 ?????? 1981	?????? ?? 25 ????? 1997 ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????
????? ????????		10 ????? 1990
??????		21 ???? 1996
??????????		7 ?????? 1994
????	7 ?????? 2000	25 ?????? 2009
??????		14 ????? 1992
?????		3 ?????? 1972
??????		9 ?????? 1992
???????	18 ????? 1967	22 ?????? 2004
?????		15 ???? 1970	???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????
??????????		10 ?????? 1998
????????		20 ?????? 1991
?????????	26 ?????? 1974	18 ????? 1983
???????		18 ????? 1994	???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? 8 ????? 1967 ?????? ????? ?? 2 ????? 1971
??????	17 ?????? 1969	21 ????? 1971	???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????
??????		22 ?????? 1993
????????		19 ?????? 2006
????		16 ????? 1974
?????		13 ?????? 1990
?????????		17 ?????? 2004
????????		12 ?????? 1973
???????		23 ???? 1981
???????		26 ????? 1993
??????	26 ????? 1997	28 ????? 1997
???????	5 ????? 1968	18 ?????? 1974	???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????
????? ??????		23 ?????? 2006
??????	19 ????? 1977	3 ???? 1979
????????		21 ????? 1993
???????		28 ?????? 1994
?????	12 ?????? 2001
???????		14 ???? 1991	???? ???? ????? ?????
??????	25 ????? 1969	11 ?????? 1978
?????????	12 ?????? 1968	28 ?????? 1978
?????????		12 ???? 1980
??????		7 ???? 1986
???????		29 ????? 1993
???????	20 ???? 1968	13 ?????? 1972
???????	17 ????? 2008	23 ????? 2010
?????	20 ?????? 2011
??????		2 ????? 2014
????	27 ????? 1976	8 ???? 1977
????? ????? ???????		21 ????? 2008
??????????		10 ????? 1992
????	11 ????? 1977	28 ????? 1978
???????	19 ?????? 1966	23 ?????? 1986
??????	2 ???? 1967	18 ???? 1977	???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????
????????	7 ?????? 1976	15 ????? 1978
???????	27 ????? 1968	9 ?????? 1974	???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ^[11]
???	21 ???? 2018	21 ????? 2018
?????	18 ???? 1968	16 ?????? 1973	???? ??????? ?????????
??????		16 ????? 1975
?????		15 ?????? 2008
??? ??????		18 ?????? 1985
??? ???? ????????	31 ?????? 1995
???????	6 ????? 1970	13 ?????? 1978
?????		12 ???? 2001	???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? 8 ????? 1967 ?????? ????? ?? 2 ????? 1971
????		5 ???? 1992
????????		23 ????? 1996
????????		28 ???? 1993	?????? ?? 7 ?????? 1968 ?????? ????? ?? 23 ?????? 1975 ???? ?????????????
????????		6 ????? 1992	?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? 8 ????? 1967 ???????? ?? 2 ????? 1971
???????		24 ????? 1990
???? ???????	3 ?????? 1994	10 ?????? 1998
???????	28 ?????? 1976	27 ?????1977
????????		11 ????? 1980
???? ?????	22 ?????? 2011
???? ????? ???????????		9 ?????? 1981
???????		18 ???? 1986	????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????
???????		28 ?????? 1976
?????????		26 ???? 2004
??????	29 ?????? 1967	6 ?????? 1971
??????		18 ????? 1992
?????		21 ????? 1969
?????????		4 ????? 1999
???????		29 ?????? 1996
????		24 ???? 1984
???????? ???????		21 ?????? 1978
????	30 ????? 1968	18 ???? 1969
?????	15 ????? 2000	23 ?????? 2003
?????????		1 ???? 1997
??????		21 ????? 1995
????????	20 ???? 1968	12 ?????? 1973	???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????
??????? ???????	16 ?????? 1968	20 ???? 1976
???????		11 ????? 1976
???????? ???????	5 ?????? 1977	8 ????? 1992
??????????	21 ?????? 1967	1 ????? 1970
?????????		28 ?????? 1995
???????	29 ?????? 2007	21 ?????? 2008
???????	24 ????? 1969	10 ???? 1978
??????		24 ?????? 1982
?????		9 ?????? 1987
??????		10 ????? 1984
????????		13 ???? 1991

???????? [ ??? ]

?? 23 ????? 1997 ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????. ??? 23 ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????.

????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????????. ??????? ?? ???? 2012 ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????????.

???? ???? ?? ???? [ ??? ]

????? (1998-10-05) ^{[notes 1]}
??? ????? (2008-09-25)
???? (2008-02-28)
????? (2001-11-12)
????? (2011-09-20)
??? ???? ???????? (1995-10-31)
???? ????? (2011-09-22)

?? ???? ??? ???? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ^{[notes 2]}
?????? (??????? ?????) ^{[notes 3]}
????????? (?? ???? ?????? ??????? ) ^{[notes 4]}

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.
^ ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????. ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? 22 (1) ?? ????? ??? 2008. ^[12]^[13]
^ ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1971 (?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? 2758). ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? 1967 ???? ?? ????. ?? ??? 2009 ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????.
^ ????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????.

????? [ ??? ]

^ ???? ????: https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume%20999/volume-999-i-14668-english.pdf . ??????: 12 ?????? 2019.
^ ??????: 12 ?????? 2019 . ???? ????: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CoreInstruments.aspx .
^ ???? ????: https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/2200(XXI) . ??????: 13 ?????? 2019.
^ ???? ????: https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/international-human-rights-law-short-history . ??????: 12 ?????? 2019.
^ ???? ????: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/FactSheet2Rev.1en.pdf . ??????: 12 ?????? 2019.
^ "- OHCHR Dashboard" . indicators.ohchr.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-11-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-11-03 .
^ "Fact Sheet No.2 (Rev.1), The International Bill of Human Rights" . web.archive.org . 13 ???? 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-11-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-11-03 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
^ ^? ^? " "A Civil Rights Proposal": Signature Campaign to Demand ICCPR Ratification" . 8 ?????? 2014. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-06-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-23 .
^ ^? ^? "106th CONGRESS 2d Session" . 10 ?????? 2000. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-23 .
^ ^? ^? "China signs key human rights treaty" . 5 ?????? 1998. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-23 .
^ (??????????) PACTUL INTERNA?IONAL CU PRIVIRE LA DREPTURILE CIVILE ?I POLITICE ???? ?????? 2016-03-05 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Kosovo Declaration of Independence , 17 February 2008 ???? ?????? 2017-10-03 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Constitution of Kosovo (2008) . ???? ?????? 2012-04-05 ?? Wayback Machine

????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

???? ?????? ?? ???? ????.

[12] ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.

[15] ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????. ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? 22 (1) ?? ????? ??? 2008. ^[12]^[13]

[16] ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1971 (?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? 2758). ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? 1967 ???? ?? ????. ?? ??? 2009 ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????.

[17] ????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????.

[8ff394f93f6887eeef745ae4280fb9ada2b51043-1] ???? ????: https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume%20999/volume-999-i-14668-english.pdf . ??????: 12 ?????? 2019.

[ec568927383676e5da724cc3f5d3dbbf891f557b-2] ??????: 12 ?????? 2019 . ???? ????: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CoreInstruments.aspx .

[08ea4ee37d5aac47cbd127448a965fb4e11fae52-3] ???? ????: https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/2200(XXI) . ??????: 13 ?????? 2019.

[739c1254cb1c748a37a4c2b41784cc521b05f4aa-4] ???? ????: https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/international-human-rights-law-short-history . ??????: 12 ?????? 2019.

[9dc224c6b39dd1053c02f9fdd9676d4ccdd5cfb7-5] ???? ????: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/FactSheet2Rev.1en.pdf . ??????: 12 ?????? 2019.

[6] "- OHCHR Dashboard" . indicators.ohchr.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-11-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-11-03 .

[7] "Fact Sheet No.2 (Rev.1), The International Bill of Human Rights" . web.archive.org . 13 ???? 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-11-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-11-03 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

[hri-8] ? ^? " "A Civil Rights Proposal": Signature Campaign to Demand ICCPR Ratification" . 8 ?????? 2014. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-06-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-23 .

[gpo.gov-9] ? ^? "106th CONGRESS 2d Session" . 10 ?????? 2000. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-23 .

[bbcchinasign-10] ? ^? "China signs key human rights treaty" . 5 ?????? 1998. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-23 .

[11] (??????????) PACTUL INTERNA?IONAL CU PRIVIRE LA DREPTURILE CIVILE ?I POLITICE ???? ?????? 2016-03-05 ?? Wayback Machine

[13] Kosovo Declaration of Independence , 17 February 2008 ???? ?????? 2017-10-03 ?? Wayback Machine

[14] Constitution of Kosovo (2008) . ???? ?????? 2012-04-05 ?? Wayback Machine

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[notes 1]

[notes 2]

[notes 3]

[notes 4]

[12]

[13]