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1978 عدل القيمة على Wikidata
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aawsat.com (???????) عدل القيمة على Wikidata
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????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??? 21 ?????? ???????. ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? 4 ????? 1978? . ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? . [2] [3] ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????.

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  • ????? ??????? ??? 1977? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ? ???? ? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ? ?????? ? ???? ? ?????????? ? ???????? ? ?????? ? ???????? . ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????. [4] ????? "?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????"'. [5]
  • ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? 1977 ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ≪ ??? ???? ≫ ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? - ???? - ?? ????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ≪????????????? ?????? ???????≫ ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????.
  • ?? ??? 2003 ?????? ≪????? ??????≫ ??≪??????? ?????≫? ???? ???? 25 ??? ??? ???????. [6]
  • ?? ????? 2010 ?????? ≪????? ??????≫ ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? . [7]
  • ?? ??? 2013 ?????? ????? ≪????? ??????≫ ????? 35 ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????. [8]
  • ?? ???? 2023 ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???" ??????? " ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????. [9]

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????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? 2016: [ ????? ????? ]

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????? ??? 32 ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? 11 ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????.

??? ????? 2004 ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????:

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?? 20 ?????? 2016 ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? (??? ?? ?????) ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? . [10]

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  1. ^ ? ? ????? ??: ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? . ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? (ISSN): 0265-5772 . ??????: ISSN International Centre. ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ??????????.
  2. ^ IDEOLOGICAL AND OWNERSHIP TRENDS IN THE SAUDI MEDIA [ ???? ?????? ] ???? ?????? 28 ????? 2015 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  3. ^ ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? 12 ?????? 2013 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  4. ^ Cable: 91RIYADH3320_a ???? ?????? 13 ????? 2015 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  5. ^ "????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????" . ???? ????? ??????. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-08-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-08-25 .
  6. ^ ? ? "?????...≪????? ??????≫ ???? ????? ????????" . aawsat.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-05-20 .
  7. ^ "≪????? ??????≫ ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????" . ????? ?????????? . 9 ????? 2010. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-02-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-05-20 .
  8. ^ ??????? ???????- (12 ?????? 2013). "?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? "????? ?????? " ?????? ??? 35" . ????? ??????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-05-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-05-20 .
  9. ^ https://www.independentarabia.com/articles-author/%C2%A0-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9 (8 ???? 2023). "????? "????? ??????" ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????" . ???????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-05-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-05-20 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |??????= ???? ??? ( ?????? ) ? ????? ?????? ?? |??????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ????? ?????: ????? ???????? ( link )
  10. ^ ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? "????? ??????" ??? ????? "??? ??? ????" ???? ??????? ?????????? [ ???? ?????? ] ???? ?????? 26 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

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